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Reasoning is critical for large language models (LLMs) to excel in a wide range of tasks. While methods like Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning and enhance LLM performance by decomposing problems into intermediate steps, they also incur…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Tingxu Han , Zhenting Wang , Chunrong Fang , Shiyu Zhao , Shiqing Ma , Zhenyu Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) are pivotal in advancing natural language processing but often struggle with complex reasoning tasks due to inefficient attention distributions. In this paper, we explore the effect of increased computed tokens…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Bingli Liao , Danilo Vasconcellos Vargas

Large Language Models (LLMs) solve many reasoning tasks via chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting, but smaller models (about 7 to 8B parameters) still struggle with multi-step reasoning under tight compute and token budgets. Existing test time…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Sagnik Chatterjee , Atharva Patil , Sricharan Ramesh

Chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning has enabled large language models (LLMs) to utilize additional computation through intermediate tokens to solve complex tasks. However, we posit that typical reasoning traces contain many redundant tokens,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Tergel Munkhbat , Namgyu Ho , Seo Hyun Kim , Yongjin Yang , Yujin Kim , Se-Young Yun

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning enhances the problem-solving ability of large language models (LLMs) but leads to substantial inference overhead, limiting deployment in resource-constrained settings. This paper investigates efficient CoT…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Ziqian Bi , Kaijie Chen , Tianyang Wang , Junfeng Hao , Benji Peng , Xinyuan Song

Large language models (LLMs) have become vital tools for software development, but they often require verbose intermediate reasoning for complex code tasks, leading to high latency and costs. This research extends the Chain of Draft (CoD)…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Shaoyi Yang

Long chain-of-thought~(CoT) has become a dominant paradigm for enhancing the reasoning capability of large reasoning models~(LRMs); however, the performance gains often come with a substantial increase in reasoning budget. Recent studies…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Jie Cao , Tianwei Lin , Zhenxuan Fan , Bo Yuan , Ziyuan Zhao , Rolan Yan , Wenqiao Zhang , Siliang Tang

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning successfully enhances the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), yet it incurs substantial computational overhead for inference. Existing CoT compression methods often suffer from a critical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Yuntian Tang , Bohan Jia , Wenxuan Huang , Lianyue Zhang , Jiao Xie , Wenxi Li , Wei Li , Jie Hu , Xinghao Chen Rongrong Ji , Shaohui Lin

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) significantly improve the reasoning ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) by learning to reason, exhibiting promising performance in solving complex tasks. However, their deliberative reasoning process leads…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Yue Liu , Jiaying Wu , Yufei He , Ruihan Gong , Jun Xia , Liang Li , Hongcheng Gao , Hongyu Chen , Baolong Bi , Jiaheng Zhang , Zhiqi Huang , Bryan Hooi , Stan Z. Li , Keqin Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) consistently benefit from scaled Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning, but also suffer from heavy computational overhead. To address this issue, efficient reasoning aims to incentivize short yet accurate thinking…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Taiqiang Wu , Zenan Xu , Bo Zhou , Ngai Wong

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) achieve promising performance but compromise token efficiency due to verbose reasoning processes. Unconscious Thought Theory (UTT) posits that complex problems can be solved more efficiently through…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Ruihan Gong , Yue Liu , Wenjie Qu , Mingzhe Du , Yufei He , Yingwei Ma , Yulin Chen , Xiang Liu , Yi Wen , Xinfeng Li , Ruidong Wang , Xinzhong Zhu , Bryan Hooi , Jiaheng Zhang

Training Large Language Models (LLMs) for chain-of-thought reasoning presents a significant challenge: supervised fine-tuning on a single "golden" rationale hurts generalization as it penalizes equally valid alternatives, whereas…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Mingye Zhu , Yi Liu , Zheren Fu , Quan Wang , Yongdong Zhang

Reasoning-oriented Large Language Models (LLMs) often rely on generating explicit tokens step by step, and their effectiveness typically hinges on large-scale supervised fine-tuning or reinforcement learning. While Chain-of-Thought (CoT)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Haoyu Zheng , Zhuonan Wang , Yuqian Yuan , Tianwei Lin , Wenqiao Zhang , Zheqi Lv , Juncheng Li , Siliang Tang , Yueting Zhuang , Hongyang He

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning enhances Large Language Models (LLMs) by prompting intermediate steps, improving accuracy and robustness in arithmetic, logic, and commonsense tasks. However, this benefit comes with high computational…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Kerui Huang , Shuhan Liu , Xing Hu , Tongtong Xu , Lingfeng Bao , Xin Xia

Reasoning LLMs often spend substantial tokens on long intermediate reasoning traces (e.g., chain-of-thought) when solving new problems. We propose to summarize and store reusable reasoning skills distilled from extensive deliberation and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Guangxiang Zhao , Qilong Shi , Xusen Xiao , Xiangzheng Zhang , Tong Yang , Lin Sun

Large language models (LLMs) have rapidly progressed into general-purpose agents capable of solving a broad spectrum of tasks. However, current models remain inefficient at reasoning: they apply fixed inference-time compute regardless of…

Large language models (LLMs) show strong reasoning abilities but often produce unnecessarily long explanations that reduce efficiency. Although reinforcement learning (RL) has been used to improve reasoning, most methods focus on accuracy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Hanbing Liu , Lang Cao , Yuanyi Ren , Mengyu Zhou , Haoyu Dong , Xiaojun Ma , Shi Han , Dongmei Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive capabilities in handling complex tasks through long-chain reasoning. However, the extensive reasoning steps involved can significantly increase computational costs, posing challenges for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Yunhao Wang , Yuhao Zhang , Tinghao Yu , Can Xu , Feng Zhang , Fengzong Lian

Chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting enhances reasoning in large language models (LLMs) but often leads to verbose and redundant outputs, thus increasing inference cost. We hypothesize that many reasoning steps are unnecessary for producing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Xin Liu , Lu Wang

In information retrieval, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable potential in text reranking tasks by leveraging their sophisticated natural language understanding and advanced reasoning capabilities. However,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Haowei Liu , Xuyang Wu , Guohao Sun , Zhiqiang Tao , Yi Fang
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