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Binary black holes (BBHs) in eccentric orbits produce distinct modulations in gravitational waves (GWs); measuring orbital eccentricity provides evidence for dynamical binary formation channels. We analyze 57 GW events from the…

The detection of orbital eccentricity for a binary black hole system via gravitational waves is a key signature to distinguish between the possible binary origins. The identification of eccentricity has been difficult so far due to the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-09-19 H. L. Iglesias , J. Lange , I. Bartos , S. Bhaumik , R. Gamba , V. Gayathri , A. Jan , R. Nowicki , R. O'Shaughnessy , D. Shoemaker , R. Venkataramanan , K. Wagner

We introduce IMRPhenomTEHM, a new phenomenological time-domain model for eccentric aligned-spin binary black holes. Building upon the accurate quasi-circular IMRPhenomTHM model, IMRPhenomTEHM integrates the eccentric post-Newtonian (PN)…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-01-15 Maria de Lluc Planas , Antoni Ramos-Buades , Cecilio García-Quirós , Héctor Estellés , Sascha Husa , Maria Haney

Most gravitational wave (GW) events observed by the LIGO and Virgo detectors are consistent with mergers of binary black holes (BBHs) on quasi-circular orbits. However, some events are also consistent with non-zero orbital eccentricity,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-02-23 Divyajyoti , Sumit Kumar , Snehal Tibrewal , Isobel M. Romero-Shaw , Chandra Kant Mishra

Initial orbital eccentricities of gravitational wave (GW) events associated with merging binary black holes (BBHs) should provide clues to their formation scenarios, mainly because various BBH formation channels predict distinct…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-09-16 Elahe Khalouei , Cristiano G. Sabiu , Hyung Mok Lee , A. Gopakumar

Orbital eccentricity is a crucial physical effect to unveil the origin of compact-object binaries detected by ground- and spaced-based gravitational-wave (GW) observatories. Here, we perform for the first time a Bayesian inference study of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-09-28 Antoni Ramos-Buades , Alessandra Buonanno , Jonathan Gair

The gravitational wave signal from merging compact binaries encodes information about their orbital and intrinsic properties. Over the last few years, state-of-the-art waveform models have begun to incorporate the effects of orbital…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-14 Natalie Malagon , Richard O'Shaughnessy

Orbital eccentricity encodes key information about compact-binary formation channels and astrophysical environments, making it a critical target for gravitational-wave (GW) inference. We present parameter-estimation (PE) analyses of GWs…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-28 Lorenzo Pompili , Aldo Gamboa , Alessandra Buonanno

While the majority of gravitational wave (GW) events observed by the LIGO and Virgo detectors are consistent with mergers of binary black holes (BBHs) on quasi-circular orbits, some events are also consistent with non-zero orbital…

The development of eccentric waveform models enables us to explore the growing catalog of gravitational-wave events with measurable eccentricity. This opens new opportunities to gain insight into the formation channels and evolutionary…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-15 Muhammad Zeeshan , Richard O'Shaughnessy , Natalie Malagon

We present a time-domain inspiral-merger-ringdowm (IMR) waveform model ESIGMAHM constructed within a framework we named ESIGMA for coalescing binaries of spinning black holes on moderately eccentric orbits (Huerta et al. (2018) [Phys. Rev.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-05-01 Kaushik Paul , Akash Maurya , Quentin Henry , Kartikey Sharma , Pranav Satheesh , Divyajyoti , Prayush Kumar , Chandra Kant Mishra

The orbital eccentricity of a merging binary black hole leaves an imprint on the associated gravitational-wave signal that can reveal whether the binary formed in isolation or in a dynamical environment, such as the core of a dense star…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-11-17 Isobel M. Romero-Shaw , Paul D. Lasky , Eric Thrane

The gravitational-wave event GW231123_135430 is the heaviest binary black hole system observed by the LIGO--Virgo--KAGRA Collaboration to date, with the initial analysis indicating the individual black hole masses lie within or above the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-21 Aasim Jan , Sophia Nicolella , Deirdre Shoemaker , Richard O'Shaughnessy

The growing population of compact binary mergers detected with gravitational waves contains multiple events that are challenging to explain through isolated binary evolution. Such events have higher masses than are expected in isolated…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-12-14 Isobel M. Romero-Shaw , Paul D. Lasky , Eric Thrane

The origin and formation of stellar-mass binary black holes remains an open question that can be addressed by precise measurements of the binary and orbital parameters from their gravitational-wave signal. Such binaries are expected to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-03-29 Alice Bonino , Rossella Gamba , Patricia Schmidt , Alessandro Nagar , Geraint Pratten , Matteo Breschi , Piero Rettegno , Sebastiano Bernuzzi

As gravitational wave astronomy has entered an era of routine detections, it becomes increasingly important to precisely measure the physical parameters of individual events and infer population properties. Eccentricity is a key observable,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-11-10 Yi-Fan Wang , Alexander H. Nitz

The measurement of orbital eccentricity in gravitational-wave (GW) signals will provide unique insights into the astrophysical origin of binary systems, while ignoring eccentricity in waveform models could introduce significant biases in…

In the first Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalogue of LIGO and Virgo, all events are announced having zero eccentricity. In the present paper, we investigate the performance of SEOBNRE which is a spin-aligned eccentric waveform model in…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-02-21 Qian-Yun Yun , Wen-Biao Han , Gang Wang , Shu-Cheng Yang

The events detected by the LIGO Virgo KAGRA collaboration over a period of 10 years have yielded a treasure trove of signals from compact binary coalescences. None of these events have shown a confident signature of eccentricity. With…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-03-11 Johann Fernandes , Praveer Tiwari , Archana Pai

We present $\texttt{ENIGMA}$, a time domain, inspiral-merger-ringdown waveform model that describes non-spinning binary black holes systems that evolve on moderately eccentric orbits. The inspiral evolution is described using a consistent…

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