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Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) helps address the limitations of parametric knowledge embedded within a language model (LM). In real world settings, retrieved information can vary in complexity, yet most investigations of LM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Lovisa Hagström , Sara Vera Marjanović , Haeun Yu , Arnav Arora , Christina Lioma , Maria Maistro , Pepa Atanasova , Isabelle Augenstein

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in a wide range of tasks, yet their application to specialized domains remains challenging due to the need for deep expertise. Retrieval-Augmented generation (RAG) has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Qinggang Zhang , Shengyuan Chen , Yuanchen Bei , Zheng Yuan , Huachi Zhou , Zijin Hong , Hao Chen , Yilin Xiao , Chuang Zhou , Junnan Dong , Yi Chang , Xiao Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are becoming essential tools for various natural language processing tasks but often suffer from generating outdated or incorrect information. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) addresses this issue by…

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) faces challenges related to factual correctness, source attribution, and response completeness. To address them, we propose a modular pipeline for grounded response generation that operates on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Weronika Łajewska , Krisztian Balog

Biomedical question-answering (QA) systems require effective retrieval and generation components to ensure accuracy, efficiency, and scalability. This study systematically examines a Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) system for…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Linus Stuhlmann , Michael Alexander Saxer , Jonathan Fürst

Recent advances in Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) have revolutionized knowledge-intensive tasks, yet traditional RAG methods struggle when the search space is unknown or when documents are semi-structured or structured. We introduce a…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Manie Tadayon , Mayank Gupta

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) significantly improves the factuality of Large Language Models (LLMs), yet standard pipelines often lack mechanisms to verify inter- mediate reasoning, leaving them vulnerable to hallucinations in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Eeham Khan , Luis Rodriguez , Marc Queudot

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) represents a major advancement in natural language processing (NLP), combining large language models (LLMs) with information retrieval systems to enhance factual grounding, accuracy, and contextual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Agada Joseph Oche , Ademola Glory Folashade , Tirthankar Ghosal , Arpan Biswas

Retrieval augmented generation (RAG) has become the standard in long context question answering (QA) systems. However, typical implementations of RAG rely on a rather naive retrieval mechanism, in which texts whose embeddings are most…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Keyush Shah , Abhishek Goyal , Isaac Wasserman

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems have advanced large language models (LLMs) in complex deep search scenarios requiring multi-step reasoning and iterative information retrieval. However, existing approaches face critical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Shuang Sun , Huatong Song , Yuhao Wang , Ruiyang Ren , Jinhao Jiang , Junjie Zhang , Fei Bai , Jia Deng , Wayne Xin Zhao , Zheng Liu , Lei Fang , Zhongyuan Wang , Ji-Rong Wen

The advent of Large Language Models has revolutionized information retrieval, ushering in a new era of expansive knowledge accessibility. While these models excel in providing open-world knowledge, effectively extracting answers in diverse…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Syed Rameel Ahmad

As a rising star in the field of natural language processing, question answering systems (Q&A Systems) are widely used in all walks of life. Compared with other scenarios, the applicationin financial scenario has strong requirements in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-14 Yanbo J. Wang , Yuming Li , Hui Qin , Yuhang Guan , Sheng Chen

As a typical and practical application of Large Language Models (LLMs), Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) techniques have gained extensive attention, particularly in vertical domains where LLMs may lack domain-specific knowledge. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Shuting Wang , Jiejun Tan , Zhicheng Dou , Ji-Rong Wen

The paper presents a methodology for uncovering knowledge gaps on the internet using the Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) model. By simulating user search behaviour, the RAG system identifies and addresses gaps in information retrieval…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Joan Figuerola Hurtado

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances language models by combining retrieval with generation. However, its current workflow remains largely text-centric, limiting its applicability in geoscience. Many geoscientific tasks are…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Runlong Yu , Shiyuan Luo , Rahul Ghosh , Lingyao Li , Yiqun Xie , Xiaowei Jia

Real-world live retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems face significant challenges when processing user queries that are often noisy, ambiguous, and contain multiple intents. While RAG enhances large language models (LLMs) with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Guanting Dong , Xiaoxi Li , Yuyao Zhang , Mengjie Deng

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) methods encounter difficulties when addressing complex questions like multi-hop queries. While iterative retrieval methods improve performance by gathering additional information, current approaches…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Ziyuan Zhuang , Zhiyang Zhang , Sitao Cheng , Fangkai Yang , Jia Liu , Shujian Huang , Qingwei Lin , Saravan Rajmohan , Dongmei Zhang , Qi Zhang

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems rely on retrieval models for identifying relevant contexts and answer generation models for utilizing those contexts. However, retrievers exhibit imperfect recall and precision, limiting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Jerry Huang , Siddarth Madala , Risham Sidhu , Cheng Niu , Hao Peng , Julia Hockenmaier , Tong Zhang

Federated search systems aggregate results from multiple search engines, selecting appropriate sources to enhance result quality and align with user intent. With the increasing uptake of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) pipelines,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Shuai Wang , Ekaterina Khramtsova , Shengyao Zhuang , Guido Zuccon

Despite Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) showing promising capability in leveraging external knowledge, a comprehensive evaluation of RAG systems is still challenging due to the modular nature of RAG, evaluation of long-form responses…