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Ensuring content safety in large language models (LLMs) is essential for their deployment in real-world applications. However, existing safety guardrails are predominantly tailored for high-resource languages, leaving a significant portion…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Lavish Bansal , Naman Mishra

Rust aims to offer full memory safety for programs, a guarantee that untamed C programs do not enjoy. How difficult is it to translate existing C code to Rust? To get a complementary view from that of automatic C to Rust translators, we…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Ruishi Li , Bo Wang , Tianyu Li , Prateek Saxena , Ashish Kundu

Embedded software is used in safety-critical systems such as medical devices and autonomous vehicles, where software defects, including security vulnerabilities, have severe consequences. Most embedded codebases are developed in unsafe…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Ayushi Sharma , Shashank Sharma , Santiago Torres-Arias , Aravind Machiry

Automated translation of legacy C code into Rust aims to ensure memory safety while reducing the burden of manual migration. Early approaches in code translation rely on static rule-based methods, but they suffer from limited coverage due…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Feng Luo , Kexing Ji , Cuiyun Gao , Shuzheng Gao , Jia Feng , Kui Liu , Xin Xia , Michael R. Lyu

Automatically translating system software from C to Rust is an appealing but challenging problem, as it requires whole-program reasoning to satisfy Rust's ownership and borrowing discipline. A key enabling step in whole-program translation…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Victor Chen , Ayden Coughlin , Michael D. Bond

The Rust programming language, with its safety guarantees, has established itself as a viable choice for low-level systems programming language over the traditional, unsafe alternatives like C/C++. These guarantees come from a strong…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-11 Pantazis Deligiannis , Akash Lal , Nikita Mehrotra , Aseem Rastogi

Rust is an emerging programming language designed for the development of systems software. To facilitate the reuse of Rust code, crates.io, as a central package registry of the Rust ecosystem, hosts thousands of third-party Rust packages.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Xiaoye Zheng , Zhiyuan Wan , Yun Zhang , Rui Chang , David Lo

The development of safety-critical aerospace systems is traditionally dominated by the C language. Its language characteristics make it trivial to accidentally introduce memory safety issues resulting in undefined behavior or security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Lukas Seidel , Julian Beier

Migrating legacy C repositories to Rust promises stronger memory safety, but existing translators often work at the level of files or functions and miss architectural intent. We present RustPrint, a documentation-guided agentic framework…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Minh Le-Anh , Anh Nguyen Hoang , Bach Le , Nghi D. Q. Bui

Dubbed a safer C, Rust is a modern programming language that combines memory safety and low-level control. This interesting combination has made Rust very popular among developers and there is a growing trend of migrating legacy codebases…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Hanliang Zhang , Cristina David , Yijun Yu , Meng Wang

The C programming language has been foundational in building system-level software. However, its manual memory management model frequently leads to memory safety issues. In response, Rust has emerged as a memory-safe alternative. Moreover,…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-04-07 HoHyun Sim , Hyeonjoong Cho , Yeonghyeon Go , Sadegh AlMahdi Kazemi Zarkouei , Zhoulai Fu , Ali Shokri , Binoy Ravindran

Concurrent programs suffer from data races. To prevent data races, programmers use locks. However, programs can eliminate data races only when they acquire and release correct locks at correct timing. The lock API of C, in which people have…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-01-30 Jaemin Hong , Sukyoung Ryu

Translating C to Rust is a promising way to enhance the reliability of legacy system programs. Although the industry has developed an automatic C-to-Rust translator, C2Rust, its translation remains unsatisfactory. One major reason is that…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Jaemin Hong , Sukyoung Ryu

We present Encapsulated Substitution and Agentic Refinement on a Live Scaffold for Safe C-to-Rust Translation, a two-phase pipeline for translating real-world C projects to safe Rust. Existing approaches either produce unsafe output without…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Hohyun Sim , Hyeonjoong Cho , Ali Shokri , Zhoulai Fu , Binoy Ravindran

The advent of strong generative AI has a considerable impact on various software engineering tasks such as code repair, test generation, or language translation. While tools like GitHub Copilot are already in widespread use in interactive…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Martin Weiss , Jesko Hecking-Harbusch , Jochen Quante , Matthias Woehrle

Despite extensive usage in high-performance, low-level systems programming applications, C is susceptible to vulnerabilities due to manual memory management and unsafe pointer operations. Rust, a modern systems programming language, offers…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Manish Shetty , Naman Jain , Adwait Godbole , Sanjit A. Seshia , Koushik Sen

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in code translation, typically evaluated using benchmarks like CodeTransOcean and RepoTransBench. However, dependency-free benchmarks fail to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Guangsheng Ou , Mingwei Liu , Yuxuan Chen , Yanlin Wang , Xin Peng , Zibin Zheng

Bento provides a new approach to developing file systems, with safety and high-velocity development in mind. This is achieved by using Rust, a modern and memory-safe systems programming language, and by providing a framework to run a single…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2021-12-15 Peter-Jan Gootzen , Animesh Trivedi

Rust is a new and promising high-level system programming language. It provides both memory safety and thread safety through its novel mechanisms such as ownership, moves and borrows. Ownership system ensures that at any point there is only…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2018-05-01 Feng Wang , Fu Song , Min Zhang , Xiaoran Zhu , Jun Zhang

RustMC is a stateless model checker that enables verification of concurrent Rust programs. As both Rust and C/C++ compile to LLVM IR, RustMC builds on GenMC which provides a verification framework for LLVM IR. This enables the automatic…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Oliver Pearce , Julien Lange , Dan O'Keeffe