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Error-correcting codes enable reliable communication, yet practical soft decoding remains challenging across code families and block lengths. We propose SB-ECC, a score-based decoder that casts decoding as continuous-time denoising. A…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Alon Helvits , Eliya Nachmani

Neural-network decoders can achieve a lower logical error rate compared to conventional decoders, like minimum-weight perfect matching, when decoding the surface code. Furthermore, these decoders require no prior information about the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-30 Boris M. Varbanov , Marc Serra-Peralta , David Byfield , Barbara M. Terhal

In this paper, the performance of quadratic residue (QR) codes of lengths within 100 is given and analyzed when the hard decoding, soft decoding, and linear programming decoding algorithms are utilized. We develop a simple method to…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-08-26 Yong Li , Qianbin Chen , Hongqing Liu , Trieu-Kien Truong

Polar codes asymptotically achieve the symmetric capacity of memoryless channels, yet their error-correcting performance under successive-cancellation (SC) decoding for short and moderate length codes is worse than that of other modern…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-12-25 Gabi Sarkis , Pascal Giard , Alexander Vardy , Claude Thibeault , Warren J. Gross

In this work, we consider the problem of efficient decoding of codes from insertions and deletions. Most of the known efficient codes are codes with synchronization strings which allow one to reduce the problem of decoding insertions and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Anisha Banerjee , Roni Con , Antonia Wachter-Zeh , Eitan Yaakobi

Spatially coupled, parallel concatenated codes (SC-PCCs) have been shown to approach channel capacity when decoded using optimal iterative methods. However, under complexity constraints such decoding strategies can result in unacceptable…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Andrew D. Cummins , David G. M. Mitchell , Daniel J. Costello,

Reed-Solomon (RS) codes over GF$(2^m)$ have traditionally been the most popular non-binary codes in almost all practical applications. The distance properties of RS codes result in excellent performance under hard-decision bounded-distance…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2008-10-06 Andrew Thangaraj , Safitha J Raj

The so-called improved soft-aided bit-marking algorithm was recently proposed for staircase codes (SCCs) in the context of fiber optical communications. This algorithm is known as iSABM-SCC. With the help of channel soft information, the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-05-13 Yi Lei , Bin Chen , Gabriele Liga , Alex Alvarado

In this work, we present hardware and software implementations of flexible polar systematic encoders and decoders. The proposed implementations operate on polar codes of any length less than a maximum and of any rate. We describe the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-08-29 Gabi Sarkis , Ido Tal , Pascal Giard , Alexander Vardy , Claude Thibeault , Warren J. Gross

It has been shown that graph-cover pseudocodewords can be used to characterize the behavior of sum-product algorithm (SPA) decoding of classical codes. In this paper, we leverage and adapt these results to analyze SPA decoding of quantum…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-05-07 July X. Li , Pascal O. Vontobel

Polar codes are newly discovered capacity-achieving codes, which have attracted lots of research efforts. Polar codes can be efficiently decoded by the low-complexity successive cancelation (SC) algorithm and the SC list (SCL) decoding…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Jun Lin , Chenrong Xiong , Zhiyuan Yan

Polar codes are a class of {\bf structured} channel codes proposed by Ar{\i}kan based on the principle of {\bf channel polarization}, and can {\bf achieve} the symmetric capacity of any Binary-input Discrete Memoryless Channel (B-DMC). The…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-11-22 Yong Fang

This work presents an efficient ASIC implementation of successive cancellation (SC) decoder for polar codes. SC is a low-complexity depth-first search decoding algorithm, favorable for beyond-5G applications that require extremely high…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-09-22 Altuğ Süral , E. Göksu Sezer , Ertuğrul Kolağasıoğlu , Veerle Derudder , Kaoutar Bertrand

A new method is explored for analyzing the performance of coset codes over the binary erasure wiretap channel (BEWC) by decomposing the code over subspaces of the code space. This technique leads to an improved algorithm for calculating…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-02-16 David Hunn , Willie Harrison

For spectral efficiency, higher order modulation symbols confer information on more than one bit. As soft detection forward error correction decoders assume the availability of information at binary granularity, however, soft demappers are…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-08-11 Wei An , Muriel Medard , Ken R. Duffy

We provide a rigorous mathematical analysis of two communication strategies: soft decode-and-forward (soft-DF) for relay channels, and soft partial interference-cancelation (soft-IC) for interference channels. Both strategies involve soft…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-18 Amir Bennatan , Shlomo Shamai , A. Robert Calderbank

In this paper we propose an enhanced soft cancellation (SCAN) decoder for polar codes based on decoding stages permutation. The proposed soft cancellation list (SCANL) decoder runs $L$ independent SCAN decoders, each one relying on a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-01-31 Charles Pillet , Carlo Condo , Valerio Bioglio

Maximum Likelihood (ML) decoding of forward error correction codes is known to be optimally accurate, but is not used in practice as it proves too challenging to efficiently implement. Here we introduce a ML decoder called SGRAND, which is…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-01-10 Amit Solomon , Ken R. Duffy , Muriel Médard

Quantum error correction, which utilizes logical qubits that are encoded as redundant multiple physical qubits to find and correct errors in physical qubits, is indispensable for practical quantum computing. Surface code is considered to be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Hoshitaro Ohnishi , Hideo Mukai

A new class of spherical codes is constructed by selecting a finite subset of flat tori from a foliation of the unit sphere S^{2L-1} of R^{2L} and designing a structured codebook on each torus layer. The resulting spherical code can be the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Cristiano Torezzan , Sueli I. R. Costa , Vinay A. Vaishampayan