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C-to-Rust transpilation is essential for modernizing legacy C code while enhancing safety and interoperability with modern Rust ecosystems. However, no dataset currently exists for evaluating whether a system can transpile C into safe Rust…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Anirudh Khatry , Robert Zhang , Jia Pan , Ziteng Wang , Qiaochu Chen , Greg Durrett , Isil Dillig

Memory safety vulnerabilities remain prevalent in today's software systems and one promising solution to mitigate them is to adopt memory-safe languages such as Rust. Due to legacy code written in memory unsafe C, there is strong motivation…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Momoko Shiraishi , Yinzhi Cao , Takahiro Shinagawa

C/C++ is a prevalent programming language. Yet, it suffers from significant memory and thread-safety issues. Recent studies have explored automated translation of C/C++ to safer languages, such as Rust. However, these studies focused mostly…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Biruk Tadesse , Vikram Nitin , Mazin Salah , Baishakhi Ray , Marcelo d'Amorim , Wesley Assunção

Rust is a multi-paradigm programming language developed by Mozilla that focuses on performance and safety. Rust code is arguably known best for its speed and memory safety, a property essential while developing embedded systems. Thus, it…

Memory safety has long been a critical challenge in software engineering, particularly for legacy systems written in memory-unsafe languages such as C and C++. Rust, one of the youngest modern programming languages, offers built-in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Sarah Bedell , Nazanin Siavash , Armin Moin

Rust is a strong contender for a memory-safe alternative to C as a "systems" language, but porting the vast amount of existing C code to Rust remains daunting. In this paper, we evaluate the potential of large language models (LLMs) to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Muhammad Farrukh , Baris Coskun , Tapti Palit , Michalis Polychronakis

In recent years, there has been a lot of interest in converting C code to Rust, to benefit from the memory and thread safety guarantees of Rust. C2Rust is a rule-based system that can automatically convert C code to functionally identical…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Vikram Nitin , Rahul Krishna , Luiz Lemos do Valle , Baishakhi Ray

Existing C to Rust translation techniques fail to balance quality and scalability: transpilation-based approaches scale to large projects but produce code with poor safety, idiomaticity, and readability. In contrast, LLM-based techniques…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Saman Dehghan , Tianran Sun , Tianxiang Wu , Zihan Li , Reyhaneh Jabbarvand

Translating C to Rust is a promising way to enhance the reliability of legacy system programs. Although the industry has developed an automatic C-to-Rust translator, C2Rust, its translation remains unsatisfactory. One major reason is that…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Jaemin Hong , Sukyoung Ryu

The growing adoption of Rust for its memory safety and performance has increased the demand for effective migration of legacy C codebases. However, existing rule-based translators (e.g., \ctorust) often generate verbose, non-idiomatic code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Yanyan Yan , Yang Feng , Jiangshan Liu , Di Liu , Zixi Liu , Hao Teng , Baowen Xu

Large-scale migration of legacy C code to Rust offers a promising path toward improving memory safety, but LLM-based C-to-Rust translation remains challenging due to limited context windows and hallucinations. Prior approaches are evaluated…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Muhammad Farrukh , Baris Coskun , Tapti Palit , Michalis Polychronakis

There has been a growing interest in translating C code to Rust due to Rust's robust memory and thread safety guarantees. Tools such as C2RUST enable syntax-guided transpilation from C to semantically equivalent Rust code. However, the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yifei Gao , Chengpeng Wang , Pengxiang Huang , Xuwei Liu , Mingwei Zheng , Xiangyu Zhang

We present Encapsulated Substitution and Agentic Refinement on a Live Scaffold for Safe C-to-Rust Translation, a two-phase pipeline for translating real-world C projects to safe Rust. Existing approaches either produce unsafe output without…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Hohyun Sim , Hyeonjoong Cho , Ali Shokri , Zhoulai Fu , Binoy Ravindran

Automating C-to-Rust migration for industrial software remains difficult because build-critical context is scattered across compile configurations, macros, external symbols, and cross-module dependencies, while reusable migration knowledge…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Shengbo Wang , Mingwei Liu , Guangsheng Ou , Yuwen Chen , Zike Li , Yanlin Wang , Zibin Zheng

Migrating existing C programs into Rust is increasingly desired, as Rust offers superior memory safety while maintaining C's high performance. However, vastly different features between C and Rust--e.g., distinct definitions and usages of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Xuemeng Cai , Jiakun Liu , Xiping Huang , Yijun Yu , Haitao Wu , Chunmiao Li , Bo Wang , Imam Nur Bani Yusuf , Lingxiao Jiang

Automatically fixing compilation errors can greatly raise the productivity of software development, by guiding the novice or AI programmers to write and debug code. Recently, learning-based program repair has gained extensive attention and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Xueyang Li , Shangqing Liu , Ruitao Feng , Guozhu Meng , Xiaofei Xie , Kai Chen , Yang Liu

Each year, software vulnerabilities are discovered, which pose significant risks of exploitation and system compromise. We present a convolutional neural network model that can successfully identify bugs in C code. We trained our model…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-27 C. Seas , G. Fitzpatrick , J. A. Hamilton , M. C. Carlisle

Automating C-to-Rust migration is critical for improving software security without sacrificing performance. Traditional rule-based methods struggle with diverse C idioms, often producing rigid and unidiomatic Rust code. Large Language…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Jia Feng , Wenjie Gan , Cuiyun Gao , Chaozheng Wang , Feng Luo , Xin Xia , Ge Li , Kui Liu

The C programming language has been foundational in building system-level software. However, its manual memory management model frequently leads to memory safety issues. In response, Rust has emerged as a memory-safe alternative. Moreover,…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-04-07 HoHyun Sim , Hyeonjoong Cho , Yeonghyeon Go , Sadegh AlMahdi Kazemi Zarkouei , Zhoulai Fu , Ali Shokri , Binoy Ravindran

Translating legacy C codebases to Rust is increasingly demanded for building safety-critical systems. While various approaches have emerged for this task, they face inherent trade-offs: rule-based methods often struggle to satisfy code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Chaofan Wang , Tingrui Yu , Beijun Shen , Jie Wang , Dong Chen , Wenrui Zhang , Yuling Shi , Chen Xie , Xiaodong Gu
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