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Quantum circuit complexity is a fundamental concept whose importance permeates quantum information, computation, many-body physics and high-energy physics. While extensively studied in closed systems, its characterization and behaviors in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-28 Zhenyu Du , Zi-Wen Liu , Xiongfeng Ma

Transpilation, particularly noise-aware optimization, is widely regarded as essential for maximizing the performance of quantum circuits on superconducting quantum computers. The common wisdom is that each circuit should be transpiled using…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-03 Yuqian Huo , Jinbiao Wei , Christopher Kverne , Mayur Akewar , Janki Bhimani , Tirthak Patel

Executing large quantum circuits is not feasible using the currently available NISQ (noisy intermediate-scale quantum) devices. The high costs of using real quantum devices make it further challenging to research and develop quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-18 Kartikey Sarode , Daniel E. Huang , E. Wes Bethel

The quantum Fourier transform (QFT) is a key primitive for quantum computing that is typically used as a subroutine within a larger computation, for instance for phase estimation. As such, we may have little control over the state that is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-14 Noah Linden , Ronald de Wolf

Universal compilation is a training process that compiles a trainable unitary into a target unitary and it serves vast potential applications from quantum dynamic simulations to optimal circuits with deep-compressing, device benchmarking,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-26 Vu Tuan Hai , Le Bin Ho

The Quantum Fourier transform (QFT) is a key ingredient in most quantum algorithms. We have compared various spin-based quantum computing schemes to implement the QFT from the point of view of their actual time-costs and the accuracy of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-08-07 Kavita Dorai , Dieter Suter

Using the Parity Flow formalism, we show that physical SWAP gates can be eliminated in linear hardware architectures, without increasing the total number of two-qubit operations. This has a significant impact on the execution time of…

The potential of quantum computers to outperform classical ones in practically useful tasks remains challenging in the near term due to scaling limitations and high error rates of current quantum hardware. While quantum error correction…

We develop a method to synthesize a class of entangling multi-qubit gates for a quantum computing platform with fixed Ising-type interaction with all-to-all connectivity. The only requirement on the flexibility of the interaction is that it…

Numerous quantum algorithms require the use of quantum error correction to overcome the intrinsic unreliability of physical qubits. However, error correction imposes a unique performance bottleneck, known as T-complexity, that can make an…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Charles Yuan , Michael Carbin

In this paper, we analyze the circuit complexity for preparing ground states of quantum many-body systems. In particular, how this complexity grows as the ground state approaches a quantum phase transition. We discuss different definitions…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-08 Sebastián Roca-Jerat , Teresa Sancho-Lorente , Juan Román-Roche , David Zueco

Simulating quantum imaginary-time evolution (QITE) is a major promise of quantum computation. However, the known algorithms are either probabilistic (repeat until success) with impractically small success probabilities or coherent (quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-02 Thais de Lima Silva , Márcio M. Taddei , Stefano Carrazza , Leandro Aolita

Fault-tolerant quantum computers rely on Quantum Error-Correcting Codes (QECCs) to protect information from noise. However, no single error-correcting code supports a fully transversal and therefore fault-tolerant implementation of all…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-05 Erik Weilandt , Tom Peham , Robert Wille

Many quantum software development kits provide a suite of circuit optimisation passes. These passes have been highly optimised and tested in isolation. However, the order in which they are applied is left to the user, or else defined in…

Quantum compiling fills the gap between the computing layer of high-level quantum algorithms and the layer of physical qubits with their specific properties and constraints. Quantum compiling is a hybrid between the general-purpose…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-02 Marco Maronese , Lorenzo Moro , Lorenzo Rocutto , Enrico Prati

Quantum graph states are critical resources for various quantum algorithms, and also determine essential interconnections in distributed quantum computing. There are two schemes for generating graph states probabilistic scheme and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Xiangyu Ren , Yuexun Huang , Zhiding Liang , Antonio Barbalace

The computational cost of preparing a quantum state can be substantial depending on the structure of data to be encoded. Many quantum algorithms require repeated sampling to find the answer, mandating reconstruction of the same input state…

Existing quantum compilers optimize quantum circuits by applying circuit transformations designed by experts. This approach requires significant manual effort to design and implement circuit transformations for different quantum devices,…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Mingkuan Xu , Zikun Li , Oded Padon , Sina Lin , Jessica Pointing , Auguste Hirth , Henry Ma , Jens Palsberg , Alex Aiken , Umut A. Acar , Zhihao Jia

Equivalence checking of hybrid quantum circuits is of primary importance, given that quantum circuit transformations are omnipresent along the quantum compiler chain. While some approaches exist for automating this task, most focus on the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-01 Jérome Ricciardi , Sébastien Bardin , Christophe Chareton , Benoît Valiron

The development of complex circuits for practical applications in the current quantum computing ecosystem is based on basic primitives such as Bell states, which provide superposition, entanglement, and coherence. The range of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-07 Hillol Biswas