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Reinforcement learning (RL) is emerging as a powerful paradigm for enabling large language models (LLMs) to perform complex reasoning tasks. Recent advances indicate that integrating RL with retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) allows LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Wentao Jiang , Xiang Feng , Zengmao Wang , Yong Luo , Pingbo Xu , Zhe Chen , Bo Du , Jing Zhang

We present a comprehensive framework for enhancing Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems through dynamic retrieval strategies and reinforcement fine-tuning. This approach significantly improves large language models on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Sakhinana Sagar Srinivas , Akash Das , Shivam Gupta , Venkataramana Runkana

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has emerged as a leading approach to reducing hallucinations in large language models (LLMs). Current RAG evaluation benchmarks primarily focus on what we call local RAG: retrieving relevant chunks from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Qi Luo , Xiaonan Li , Tingshuo Fan , Xinchi Chen , Xipeng Qiu

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown impressive capabilities in jointly understanding text, images, and videos, often evaluated via Visual Question Answering (VQA). However, even state-of-the-art MLLMs struggle with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Alberto Compagnoni , Marco Morini , Sara Sarto , Federico Cocchi , Davide Caffagni , Marcella Cornia , Lorenzo Baraldi , Rita Cucchiara

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has become a powerful paradigm for enhancing large language models (LLMs) through external knowledge retrieval. Despite its widespread attention, existing academic research predominantly focuses on…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Yiruo Cheng , Kelong Mao , Ziliang Zhao , Guanting Dong , Hongjin Qian , Yongkang Wu , Tetsuya Sakai , Ji-Rong Wen , Zhicheng Dou

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has shown impressive capability in providing reliable answer predictions and addressing hallucination problems. A typical RAG implementation uses powerful retrieval models to extract external information…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Ziwei Liu , Liang Zhang , Qian Li , Jianghua Wu , Guangxu Zhu

The rapid progress of large language models (LLMs) is shifting semantic search toward a question-answering paradigm, where users ask questions and LLMs generate responses. In high-stake domains such as law, retrieval-augmented generation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Souvick Das , Sallam Abualhaija , Domenico Bianculli

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) improves the response quality of large language models (LLMs) by retrieving knowledge from external databases. Typical RAG approaches split the text database into chunks, organizing them in a flat…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Boyu Chen , Zirui Guo , Zidan Yang , Yuluo Chen , Junze Chen , Zhenghao Liu , Chuan Shi , Cheng Yang

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has emerged as a promising paradigm for enhancing large language models (LLMs) on multi-hop question answering (QA), which requires reasoning over evidence from multiple documents. Current multi-hop RAG…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Yikai Zhu , Kunfeng Chen , Qihuang Zhong , Juhua Liu , Bo Du

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances Large Language Models (LLMs) by integrating them with an external knowledge base to improve the answer relevance and accuracy. In real-world scenarios, beyond pure text, a substantial amount of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Jiaru Zou , Dongqi Fu , Sirui Chen , Xinrui He , Zihao Li , Yada Zhu , Jiawei Han , Jingrui He

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is widely used to mitigate hallucinations of Large Language Models (LLMs) by leveraging external knowledge. While effective for simple queries, traditional RAG systems struggle with large-scale,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Luyao Zhuang , Shengyuan Chen , Yilin Xiao , Huachi Zhou , Yujing Zhang , Hao Chen , Qinggang Zhang , Xiao Huang

Large language models equipped with retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) represent a burgeoning field aimed at enhancing answering capabilities by leveraging external knowledge bases. Although the application of RAG with language-only…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Cheng Tan , Jingxuan Wei , Linzhuang Sun , Zhangyang Gao , Siyuan Li , Bihui Yu , Ruifeng Guo , Stan Z. Li

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) plays a crucial role in grounding Large Language Models by leveraging external knowledge, whereas the effectiveness is often compromised by the retrieval of contextually flawed or incomplete information.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Yaoze Zhang , Rong Wu , Pinlong Cai , Xiaoman Wang , Guohang Yan , Song Mao , Ding Wang , Botian Shi

Existing medical RAG systems mainly leverage knowledge from medical knowledge bases, neglecting the crucial role of experiential knowledge derived from similar patient cases -- a key component of human clinical reasoning. To bridge this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Yuxing Lu , Gecheng Fu , Wei Wu , Xukai Zhao , Sin Yee Goi , Jinzhuo Wang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a widely adopted approach for enhancing LLMs in scenarios that demand extensive factual knowledge. However, current RAG evaluations concentrate primarily on correctness, which may not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Vinh Nguyen , Cuong Dang , Jiahao Zhang , Hoa Tran , Minh Tran , Trinh Chau , Thai Le , Lu Cheng , Suhang Wang

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) effectively addresses issues of static knowledge and hallucination in large language models. Existing studies mostly focus on question scenarios with clear user intents and concise answers. However, it…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Shuting Wang , Xin Yu , Mang Wang , Weipeng Chen , Yutao Zhu , Zhicheng Dou

Large language models (LLMs) inherently display hallucinations since the precision of generated texts cannot be guaranteed purely by the parametric knowledge they include. Although retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems enhance the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Bingyu Wan , Fuxi Zhang , Zhongpeng Qi , Jiayi Ding , Jijun Li , Baoshi Fan , Yijia Zhang , Jun Zhang

Interest in generative Electrocardiogram-Language Models (ELMs) is growing, as they can produce textual responses conditioned on ECG signals and textual queries. Unlike traditional classifiers that output label probabilities, ELMs are more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Xiaoyu Song , William Han , Tony Chen , Chaojing Duan , Michael A. Rosenberg , Emerson Liu , Ding Zhao

Document Visual Question Answering (DocVQA) faces dual challenges in processing lengthy multimodal documents (text, images, tables) and performing cross-modal reasoning. Current document retrieval-augmented generation (DocRAG) methods…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Kuicai Dong , Yujing Chang , Shijie Huang , Yasheng Wang , Ruiming Tang , Yong Liu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is a well-established and rapidly evolving field within AI that enhances the outputs of large language models by integrating relevant information retrieved from external knowledge sources. While industry…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Lorenz Brehme , Benedikt Dornauer , Thomas Ströhle , Maximilian Ehrhart , Ruth Breu