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In whole slide images (WSIs) analysis, attention-based multi-instance learning (MIL) models are susceptible to spurious correlations and degrade under domain shift. These methods may assign high attention weights to non-tumor regions, such…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Xin Liu , Weijia Zhang , Wei Tang , Thuc Duy Le , Jiuyong Li , Lin Liu , Min-Ling Zhang

Introduced by Hinton et al. in 2012, dropout has stood the test of time as a regularizer for preventing overfitting in neural networks. In this study, we demonstrate that dropout can also mitigate underfitting when used at the start of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Zhuang Liu , Zhiqiu Xu , Joseph Jin , Zhiqiang Shen , Trevor Darrell

Multiple-instance learning (MIL) has served as an important tool for a wide range of vision applications, for instance, image classification, object detection, and visual tracking. In this paper, we propose a novel method to solve the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2015-10-06 Xinggang Wang , Zhuotun Zhu , Cong Yao , Xiang Bai

The generalization power of the pre-trained model is the key for few-shot deep learning. Dropout is a regularization technique used in traditional deep learning methods. In this paper, we explore the power of dropout on few-shot learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-27 Shaobo Lin , Xingyu Zeng , Rui Zhao

A new multi-attention based method for solving the MIL problem (MAMIL), which takes into account the neighboring patches or instances of each analyzed patch in a bag, is proposed. In the method, one of the attention modules takes into…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Andrei V. Konstantinov , Lev V. Utkin

Whole-slide images (WSIs) are an important data modality in computational pathology, yet their gigapixel resolution and lack of fine-grained annotations challenge conventional deep learning models. Multiple instance learning (MIL) offers a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Qian Zeng , Yihui Wang , Shu Yang , Yingxue Xu , Fengtao Zhou , Jiabo Ma , Dejia Cai , Zhengyu Zhang , Lijuan Qu , Yu Wang , Li Liang , Hao Chen

Due to the limitations of inadequate Whole-Slide Image (WSI) samples with weak labels, pseudo-bag-based multiple instance learning (MIL) appears as a vibrant prospect in WSI classification. However, the pseudo-bag dividing scheme, often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Rui Yang , Pei Liu , Luping Ji

In multiple instance multiple label learning, each sample, a bag, consists of multiple instances. To alleviate labeling complexity, each sample is associated with a set of bag-level labels leaving instances within the bag unlabeled. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-28 Tam Nguyen , Raviv Raich

The survival analysis on histological whole-slide images (WSIs) is one of the most important means to estimate patient prognosis. Although many weakly-supervised deep learning models have been developed for gigapixel WSIs, their potential…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-06 Pei Liu , Luping Ji , Feng Ye , Bo Fu

Originally, dropout was seen as a breakthrough regularization technique that reduced overfitting and improved performance in almost all applications of deep learning by reducing overfitting. Yet, single-epoch pretraining tasks common to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Houjun Liu , John Bauer , Christopher D. Manning

Overfitting is a well-known issue extending even to state-of-the-art (SOTA) Machine Learning (ML) models, resulting in reduced generalization, and a significant train-test performance gap. Mitigation measures include a combination of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Shreyas Gururaj , Lars Grüne , Wojciech Samek , Sebastian Lapuschkin , Leander Weber

For classifying digital whole slide images in the absence of pixel level annotation, typically multiple instance learning methods are applied. Due to the generic applicability, such methods are currently of very high interest in the…

Weakly-supervised classification of histopathology slides is a computationally intensive task, with a typical whole slide image (WSI) containing billions of pixels to process. We propose Discriminative Region Active Sampling for Multiple…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-23 Jack Breen , Katie Allen , Kieran Zucker , Geoff Hall , Nicolas M. Orsi , Nishant Ravikumar

Weakly-supervised temporal action localization aims to localize and recognize actions in untrimmed videos with only video-level category labels during training. Without instance-level annotations, most existing methods follow the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Huan Ren , Wenfei Yang , Tianzhu Zhang , Yongdong Zhang

Occlusion and clutter are two scene states that make it difficult to detect anomalies in surveillance video. Furthermore, anomaly events are rare and, as a consequence, class imbalance and lack of labeled anomaly data are also key features…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Silas Santiago Lopes Pereira , José Everardo Bessa Maia

Whole slide pathology image classification presents challenges due to gigapixel image sizes and limited annotation labels, hindering model generalization. This paper introduces a prompt learning method to adapt large vision-language models…

Dropout is a regularization technique widely used in training artificial neural networks to mitigate overfitting. It consists of dynamically deactivating subsets of the network during training to promote more robust representations. Despite…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-09-10 Francesco Mori , Francesca Mignacco

Dropout is a popular technique for regularizing artificial neural networks. Dropout networks are generally trained by minibatch gradient descent with a dropout mask turning off some of the units---a different pattern of dropout is applied…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2015-02-10 Ben Graham , Jeremy Reizenstein , Leigh Robinson

Due to its superior efficiency in utilizing annotations and addressing gigapixel-sized images, multiple instance learning (MIL) has shown great promise as a framework for whole slide image (WSI) classification in digital pathology…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2023-07-14 Qiehe Sun , Jiawen Li , Jin Xu , Junru Cheng , Tian Guan , Yonghong He

Class-incremental learning (CIL) enables models to learn new classes progressively while preserving knowledge of previously learned ones. Recent advances in this field have shifted towards parameter-efficient fine-tuning techniques, with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Haoran Chen , Ping Wang , Zihan Zhou , Xu Zhang , Zuxuan Wu , Yu-Gang Jiang
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