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Incorporating both flexible and rigid components in robot designs offers a unique solution to the limitations of traditional rigid robotics by enabling both compliance and strength. This paper explores the challenges and solutions for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Zach J. Patterson , Wei Xiao , Emily Sologuren , Daniela Rus

Until recently, the concept of soft robot safety was an informal notion, often attributed solely to the fact that soft robots are less likely to damage their operating environment than rigid robots. As the field moves toward feedback…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Nicholas Pagliocca , Behrad Koohbor , Mitja Trkov

Soft robot manipulators have the potential for deployment in delicate environments to perform complex manipulation tasks. However, existing obstacle detection and avoidance methods do not consider limits on the forces that manipulators may…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Akua K. Dickson , Juan C. Pacheco Garcia , Andrew P. Sabelhaus

Traditional robots have rigid links and structures that limit their ability to interact with the dynamics of their immediate environment. For example, conventional robot manipulators with rigid links can only manipulate objects using…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-10-09 Gideon Gbenga Oladipupo

Continuum soft robots are mechanical systems entirely made of continuously deformable elements. This design solution aims to bring robots closer to invertebrate animals and soft appendices of vertebrate animals (e.g., an elephant's trunk, a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-06 Cosimo Della Santina , Christian Duriez , Daniela Rus

Although soft robots show safer interactions with their environment than traditional robots, soft mechanisms and actuators still have significant potential for damage or degradation particularly during unmodeled contact. This article…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-08-03 Andrew P. Sabelhaus , Zach J. Patterson , Anthony T. Wertz , Carmel Majidi

Soft robots manufactured with flexible materials can be highly compliant and adaptive to their surroundings, which facilitates their application in areas such as dexterous manipulation and environmental exploration. This paper aims at…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-01 Renjie Ma , Ziyao Qu , Zhijian Hu , Dong Zhao , Marios M. Polycarpou

Legged robots constructed from soft materials are commonly claimed to demonstrate safer, more robust environmental interactions than their rigid counterparts. However, this motivating feature of soft robots requires more rigorous…

Soft materials have many important roles in animal locomotion and object manipulation. In robotic applications soft materials can store and release energy, absorb impacts, increase compliance and increase the range of possible shape…

Robotics · Computer Science 2015-09-28 Vishesh Vikas , Paul Templeton , Barry Trimmer

Unlike human beings that can employ the entire surface of their limbs as a means to establish contact with their environment, robots are typically programmed to interact with their environments via their end-effectors, in a collision-free…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Zhaoting Li , Miguel Zamora , Hehui Zheng , Stelian Coros

Navigation and motion control of a robot to a destination are tasks that have historically been performed with the assumption that contact with the environment is harmful. This makes sense for rigid-bodied robots where obstacle collisions…

Soft robots have been leveraged in considerable areas like surgery, rehabilitation, and bionics due to their softness, flexibility, and safety. However, it is challenging to produce two same soft robots even with the same mold and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Zixi Chen , Xuyang Ren , Matteo Bernabei , Vanessa Mainardi , Gastone Ciuti , Cesare Stefanini

The ability of a soft robot to perform specific tasks is determined by its contact configuration, and transitioning between configurations is often necessary to reach a desired position or manipulate an object. Based on this observation, we…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Etienne Ménager , Christian Duriez

Soft robotics focuses on designing robots with highly deformable materials, allowing them to adapt and operate safely and reliably in unstructured and variable environments. While soft robots offer increased compliance over rigid body…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Zach J. Patterson , Emily Sologuren , Cosimo Della Santina , Daniela Rus

In this paper, we propose a novel safe, passive, and robust control law for mechanical systems. The proposed approach addresses safety from a physical human-robot interaction perspective, where a robot must not only stay inside a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-11-04 Wenceslao Shaw Cortez , Christos Verginis , Dimos V. Dimarogonas

Soft robots can safely interact with environments because of their mechanical compliance. Self-collision is also employed in the modern design of soft robots to enhance their performance during different tasks. However, developing an…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-08-02 Guoxin Fang , Yingjun Tian , Andrew Weightman , Charlie C. L. Wang

Soft robotics has advanced rapidly, yet its control methods remain fragmented: different morphologies and actuation schemes still require task-specific controllers, hindering theoretical integration and large-scale deployment. A generic…

Robots operating alongside people, particularly in sensitive scenarios such as aiding the elderly with daily tasks or collaborating with workers in manufacturing, must guarantee safety and cultivate user trust. Continuum soft manipulators…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Kiwan Wong , Maximilian Stölzle , Wei Xiao , Cosimo Della Santina , Daniela Rus , Gioele Zardini

Motion planning failures during autonomous navigation often occur when safety constraints are either too conservative, leading to deadlocks, or too liberal, resulting in collisions. To improve robustness, a robot must dynamically adapt its…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Nicholas Mohammad , Nicola Bezzo

Dexterous manipulation of objects through fine control of physical contacts is essential for many important tasks of daily living. A fundamental ability underlying fine contact control is compliant control, \textit{i.e.}, controlling the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Jinda Cui , Jiawei Xu , David Saldaña , Jeff Trinkle
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