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The usage of Large Language Models (LLMs) for software and test development has continued to increase since LLMs were first introduced, but only recently have the expectations of LLMs become more realistic. Verifying the correctness of code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Zachariah Sollenberger , Rahul Patel , Saieda Ali Zada , Sunita Chandrasekaran

Functional simulation is an essential step in digital hardware design. Recently, there has been a growing interest in leveraging Large Language Models (LLMs) for hardware testbench generation tasks. However, the inherent instability…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Ruidi Qiu , Grace Li Zhang , Rolf Drechsler , Ulf Schlichtmann , Bing Li

Parallel programs in high performance computing (HPC) continue to grow in complexity and scale in the exascale era. The diversity in hardware and parallel programming models make developing, optimizing, and maintaining parallel software…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-05-15 Daniel Nichols , Aniruddha Marathe , Harshitha Menon , Todd Gamblin , Abhinav Bhatele

Implementing an application on a FPGA remains a difficult, non-intuitive task that often requires hardware design expertise in a hardware description language (HDL). High-level synthesis (HLS) raises the design abstraction from HDL to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2014-08-26 Janarbek Matai , Dustin Richmond , Dajung Lee , Ryan Kastner

We propose a clinical decision support system (CDSS) for mental health diagnosis that combines the strengths of large language models (LLMs) and constraint logic programming (CLP). Having a CDSS is important because of the high complexity…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Brian Hyeongseok Kim , Chao Wang

Hardware synthesis is a general term used to refer to the processes involved in automatically generating a hardware design from its specification. High-level synthesis (HLS) could be defined as the translation from a behavioral description…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-05-07 Issam Damaj

High-level synthesis (HLS) is an automated design process that transforms high-level code into hardware designs, enabling the rapid development of hardware accelerators. HLS relies on pragmas, which are directives inserted into the source…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Yunsheng Bai , Atefeh Sohrabizadeh , Zijian Ding , Rongjian Liang , Weikai Li , Ding Wang , Haoxing Ren , Yizhou Sun , Jason Cong

Large language models (LLMs) are being increasingly integrated into practical hardware and firmware development pipelines for code generation. Existing studies have primarily focused on evaluating the functional correctness of LLM-generated…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Qirui Chen , Jingxian Shuai , Shuangwu Chen , Shenghao Ye , Zijian Wen , Xufei Su , Jie Jin , Jiangming Li , Jun Chen , Xiaobin Tan , Jian Yang

High-Level Synthesis (HLS) compiles algorithmic C/C++ descriptions into hardware, with Quality of Results (QoR) -- latency and resource utilization -- critically governed by pragma configurations and code structure. Existing LLM-based HLS…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Qingyun Zou , Feng Yu , Hongshi Tan , Yao Chen , Bingsheng He , WengFai Wong

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive abilities in code generation, but they may generate erroneous programs. Reading a program takes ten times longer than writing it. Showing these erroneous programs to developers will waste…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Jia Li , Yuqi Zhu , Yongmin Li , Ge Li , Zhi Jin

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to generate requirements specifications, design documents, code, and test cases. In contrast, much less attention has been given to a more difficult assurance problem: statically verifying…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Zhi Quan Zhou , Dave Towey , Tsong Yueh Chen

Automated unit test generation using large language models (LLMs) holds great promise but often struggles with generating tests that are both correct and maintainable in real-world projects. This paper presents KTester, a novel framework…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Anji Li , Mingwei Liu , Zhenxi Chen , Zheng Pei , Zike Li , Dekun Dai , Yanlin Wang , Zibin Zheng

In the domain of chip design, Hardware Description Languages (HDLs) play a pivotal role. However, due to the complex syntax of HDLs and the limited availability of online resources, debugging HDL codes remains a difficult and time-intensive…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Xufeng Yao , Haoyang Li , Tsz Ho Chan , Wenyi Xiao , Mingxuan Yuan , Yu Huang , Lei Chen , Bei Yu

We present \synver{}, a novel synthesis and verification framework for C programs, that deploys a Large Language Model (LLM) to search for a candidate program that satisfies the given specification. Our key idea is to impose syntactic and…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Prasita Mukherjee , Benjamin Delaware

Integrated Circuit (IC) verification consumes nearly 70% of the IC development cycle, and recent research leverages Large Language Models (LLMs) to automatically generate testbenches and reduce verification overhead. However, LLMs have…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Chang-Chih Meng , Yu-Ren Lu , Guan-Yu Lin , Tsung Tai Yeh , Kai-Chiang Wu , I-Chen Wu

Traditional benchmarking in NLP typically involves using static held-out test sets. However, this approach often results in an overestimation of performance and lacks the ability to offer comprehensive, interpretable, and dynamic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Raoyuan Zhao , Abdullatif Köksal , Yihong Liu , Leonie Weissweiler , Anna Korhonen , Hinrich Schütze

We introduce CPP-UT-Bench, a benchmark dataset to measure C++ unit test generation capability of a large language model (LLM). CPP-UT-Bench aims to reflect a broad and diverse set of C++ codebases found in the real world. The dataset…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-05 Vaishnavi Bhargava , Rajat Ghosh , Debojyoti Dutta

In the past few years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have exploded in usefulness and popularity for code generation tasks. However, LLMs still struggle with accuracy and are unsuitable for high-risk applications without additional oversight…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-29 William Murphy , Nikolaus Holzer , Feitong Qiao , Leyi Cui , Raven Rothkopf , Nathan Koenig , Mark Santolucito

In recent years the use of FPGAs to accelerate scientific applications has grown, with numerous applications demonstrating the benefit of FPGAs for high performance workloads. However, whilst High Level Synthesis (HLS) has significantly…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-08-28 Gabriel Rodriguez-Canal , Nick Brown , Tim Dykes , Jessica R. Jones , Utz-Uwe Haus

Machine Learning (ML) has been widely adopted in design exploration using high level synthesis (HLS) to give a better and faster performance, and resource and power estimation at very early stages for FPGA-based design. To perform…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Zhigang Wei , Aman Arora , Ruihao Li , Lizy K. John