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In the information retrieval (IR) domain, evaluation plays a crucial role in optimizing search experiences and supporting diverse user intents. In the recent LLM era, research has been conducted to automate document relevance labels, as…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Mouly Dewan , Jiqun Liu , Chirag Shah

LLM-based relevance judgment generation has become a crucial approach in advancing evaluation methodologies in Information Retrieval (IR). It has progressed significantly, often showing high correlation with human judgments as reflected in…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Mouly Dewan , Jiqun Liu , Chirag Shah

The LLMJudge challenge is organized as part of the LLM4Eval workshop at SIGIR 2024. Test collections are essential for evaluating information retrieval (IR) systems. The evaluation and tuning of a search system is largely based on relevance…

The conventional Cranfield paradigm struggles to effectively capture user satisfaction due to its weak correlation between relevance and satisfaction, alongside the high costs of relevance annotation in building test collections. To tackle…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Xingzhu Wang , Erhan Zhang , Yiqun Chen , Jinghan Xuan , Yucheng Hou , Yitong Xu , Ying Nie , Shuaiqiang Wang , Dawei Yin , Jiaxin Mao

Relevance judgments are crucial for evaluating information retrieval systems, but traditional human-annotated labels are time-consuming and expensive. As a result, many researchers turn to automatic alternatives to accelerate method…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Naghmeh Farzi , Laura Dietz

Manual relevance judgements in Information Retrieval are costly and require expertise, driving interest in using Large Language Models (LLMs) for automatic assessment. While LLMs have shown promise in general web search scenarios, their…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Ratan J. Sebastian , Anett Hoppe

Information retrieval systems have traditionally optimized for topical relevance-the degree to which retrieved documents match a query. However, relevance only approximates a deeper goal: utility, namely, whether retrieved information helps…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Hengran Zhang , Minghao Tang , Keping Bi , Jiafeng Guo

Relevance evaluation plays a crucial role in personalized search systems to ensure that search results align with a user's queries and intent. While human annotation is the traditional method for relevance evaluation, its high cost and long…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Han Wang , Alex Whitworth , Pak Ming Cheung , Zhenjie Zhang , Krishna Kamath

Current IR evaluation is based on relevance judgments, created either manually or automatically, with decisions outsourced to Large Language Models (LLMs). We offer an alternative paradigm, that never relies on relevance judgments in any…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Naghmeh Farzi , Laura Dietz

Using Large Language Models (LLMs) for relevance assessments offers promising opportunities to improve Information Retrieval (IR), Natural Language Processing (NLP), and related fields. Indeed, LLMs hold the promise of allowing IR…

The effective training and evaluation of retrieval systems require a substantial amount of relevance judgments, which are traditionally collected from human assessors -- a process that is both costly and time-consuming. Large Language…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Hossein A. Rahmani , Emine Yilmaz , Nick Craswell , Bhaskar Mitra

Traditional evaluation of information retrieval (IR) systems relies on human-annotated relevance labels, which can be both biased and costly at scale. In this context, large language models (LLMs) offer an alternative by allowing us to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Naghmeh Farzi , Laura Dietz

It is known that user-centered approaches to requirements engineering in general lead to a better suited product for the end-users. LLM4RE provides promising approaches to support the requirements elicitation process (e.g. classification of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Cedric Wellhausen , Laura Reinhardt , Kurt Schneider

Offline evaluation of search systems depends on test collections. These benchmarks provide the researchers with a corpus of documents, topics and relevance judgements indicating which documents are relevant for each topic. While test…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-23 David Otero , Javier Parapar , Álvaro Barreiro

Large-scale commercial search systems optimize for relevance to drive successful sessions that help users find what they are looking for. To maximize relevance, we leverage two complementary objectives: behavioral relevance (results users…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Evangelia Christakopoulou , Vivekkumar Patel , Hemanth Velaga , Sandip Gaikwad , Sean Suchter , Venkat Sundaranatha

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly evaluated and sometimes trained using automated graders such as LLM-as-judges that output scalar scores or preferences. While convenient, these approaches are often opaque: a single score rarely…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Kaustubh D. Dhole , Eugene Agichtein

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become indispensable for evaluating writing. However, text feedback they provide is often unintelligible, generic, and not specific to user criteria. Inspired by structured rubrics in education and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Jingwen Bai , Wei Soon Cheong , Philippe Muller , Brian Y Lim

Recent studies show that Generative Relevance Feedback (GRF), using text generated by Large Language Models (LLMs), can enhance the effectiveness of query expansion. However, LLMs can generate irrelevant information that harms retrieval…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-06-19 Iain Mackie , Ivan Sekulic , Shubham Chatterjee , Jeffrey Dalton , Fabio Crestani

Retrieval-Augmented Language Models (RALMs) face significant challenges in reducing factual errors, particularly in document relevance evaluation and knowledge integration. We introduce a framework for structured relevance assessment that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Aryan Raj , Astitva Veer Garg , Anitha D

Conventional information retrieval is concerned with identifying the relevance of texts for a given query. Yet, the conventional definition of relevance is dominated by aspects of similarity in texts, leaving unobserved whether the text is…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Tobias Schimanski , Stefanie Lewandowski , Christian Woerle , Nicola Reichenau , Yauheni Huryn , Markus Leippold
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