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Collecting high quality conversational data can be very expensive for most applications and infeasible for others due to privacy, ethical, or similar concerns. A promising direction to tackle this problem is to generate synthetic dialogues…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-20 Maximillian Chen , Alexandros Papangelis , Chenyang Tao , Seokhwan Kim , Andy Rosenbaum , Yang Liu , Zhou Yu , Dilek Hakkani-Tur

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance on question-answering (QA) tasks because of their superior capabilities in natural language understanding and generation. However, LLM-based QA struggles with complex QA…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Chuangtao Ma , Yongrui Chen , Tianxing Wu , Arijit Khan , Haofen Wang

Question Answering (QA) is a growing area of research, often used to facilitate the extraction of information from within documents. State-of-the-art QA models are usually pre-trained on domain-general corpora like Wikipedia and thus tend…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Matthew Maufe , James Ravenscroft , Rob Procter , Maria Liakata

Recently, large language models (LLMs), such as GPT-4, stand out remarkable conversational abilities, enabling them to engage in dynamic and contextually relevant dialogues across a wide range of topics. However, given a long conversation,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Qingyue Wang , Yanhe Fu , Yanan Cao , Shuai Wang , Zhiliang Tian , Liang Ding

The utility of synthetic data to enhance pretraining data quality and hence to improve downstream task accuracy has been widely explored in recent large language models (LLMs). Yet, these approaches fall inadequate in complex, multi-hop and…

Information-seeking conversation, which aims to help users gather information through conversation, has achieved great progress in recent years. However, the research is still stymied by the scarcity of training data. To alleviate this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Siheng Li , Cheng Yang , Yichun Yin , Xinyu Zhu , Zesen Cheng , Lifeng Shang , Xin Jiang , Qun Liu , Yujiu Yang

Existing dialogue data augmentation (DA) techniques predominantly focus on augmenting utterance-level dialogues, which makes it difficult to take dialogue contextual information into account. The advent of large language models (LLMs) has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Jiyue Jiang , Liheng Chen , Sheng Wang , Lingpeng Kong , Yu Li , Chuan Wu

The scarcity of high-quality, knowledge-intensive training data hinders the development of large language models (LLMs), as traditional corpora provide limited information. Previous studies have synthesized and integrated corpora-dependent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Xuemiao Zhang , Chengying Tu , Can Ren , Rongxiang Weng , Hongfei Yan , Jingang Wang , Xunliang Cai

The availability of large, high-quality datasets has been one of the main drivers of recent progress in question answering (QA). Such annotated datasets however are difficult and costly to collect, and rarely exist in languages other than…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Priyanka Agrawal , Chris Alberti , Fantine Huot , Joshua Maynez , Ji Ma , Sebastian Ruder , Kuzman Ganchev , Dipanjan Das , Mirella Lapata

Question Answering (QA) is key for making possible a robust communication between human and machine. Modern language models used for QA have surpassed the human-performance in several essential tasks; however, these models require large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-08 Liubov Nikolenko , Pouya Rezazadeh Kalehbasti

Question answering (QA) requires accurately aligning user questions with structured queries, a process often limited by the scarcity of high-quality query-natural language (Q-NL) pairs. To overcome this, we present Q-NL Verifier, an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Tim Schwabe , Louisa Siebel , Patrik Valach , Maribel Acosta

Synthetic data augmentation helps language models learn new knowledge in data-constrained domains. However, naively scaling existing synthetic data methods by training on more synthetic tokens or using stronger generators yields diminishing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Seungju Han , Konwoo Kim , Chanwoo Park , Benjamin Newman , Suhas Kotha , Jaehun Jung , James Zou , Yejin Choi

Supervised fine-tuning (SFT) is a common method to enhance the tool calling capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), with the training data often being synthesized. The current data synthesis process generally involves sampling a set…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Zezhong Wang , Xingshan Zeng , Weiwen Liu , Liangyou Li , Yasheng Wang , Lifeng Shang , Xin Jiang , Qun Liu , Kam-Fai Wong

Program synthesis is challenging largely because of the difficulty of search in a large space of programs. Human programmers routinely tackle the task of writing complex programs by writing sub-programs and then analyzing their intermediate…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Augustus Odena , Kensen Shi , David Bieber , Rishabh Singh , Charles Sutton , Hanjun Dai

Despite rapid advancements in large language models (LLMs), QG remains a challenging problem due to its complicated process, open-ended nature, and the diverse settings in which question generation occurs. A common approach to address these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Naiming Liu , Zichao Wang , Richard Baraniuk

The deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs) in customer support is constrained by hallucination (generating false information) and the high cost of proprietary models. To address these challenges, we propose a retrieval-augmented…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Ashley Lewis , Michael White , Jing Liu , Toshiaki Koike-Akino , Kieran Parsons , Ye Wang

One of the exciting capabilities of recent language models for dialog is their ability to independently search for relevant information to ground a given dialog response. However, obtaining training data to teach models how to issue search…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Yonatan Bitton , Shlomi Cohen-Ganor , Ido Hakimi , Yoad Lewenberg , Roee Aharoni , Enav Weinreb

Multihop reasoning remains an elusive goal as existing multihop benchmarks are known to be largely solvable via shortcuts. Can we create a question answering (QA) dataset that, by construction, \emph{requires} proper multihop reasoning? To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-06 Harsh Trivedi , Niranjan Balasubramanian , Tushar Khot , Ashish Sabharwal

Large Language Models (LLMs) have exhibited significant potential in performing diverse tasks, including the ability to call functions or use external tools to enhance their performance. While current research on function calling by LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Mingyang Chen , Haoze Sun , Tianpeng Li , Fan Yang , Hao Liang , Keer Lu , Bin Cui , Wentao Zhang , Zenan Zhou , Weipeng Chen

Large language models can perform various reasoning tasks by using chain-of-thought prompting, which guides them to find answers through step-by-step demonstrations. However, the quality of the prompts depends on the demonstrations given to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-02 Zhihong Shao , Yeyun Gong , Yelong Shen , Minlie Huang , Nan Duan , Weizhu Chen