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Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong reasoning, planning, and communication abilities, enabling them to operate as autonomous agents in open environments. While single-agent systems remain limited in adaptability and…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Jianing Hao , Han Ding , Yuanjian Xu , Tianze Sun , Ran Chen , Wanbo Zhang , Guang Zhang , Siguang Li

Game theory provides an effective way to model strategic interactions among rational agents. In the context of formal verification, these ideas can be used to produce guarantees on the correctness of multi-agent systems, with a diverse…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Marta Kwiatkowska , Gethin Norman , David Parker , Gabriel Santos

In this article, we introduce a game-theoretic learning framework for the multi-agent wireless network. By combining learning in artificial intelligence (AI) with game theory, several promising properties emerge such as obtaining high…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-04-18 Ximing Wang , Jinlong Wang , Jin Chen , Yijun Yang , Lijun Kong , Xin Liu , Luliang Jia , Yuhua Xu

Game-theoretic scenarios have become pivotal in evaluating the social intelligence of Large Language Model (LLM)-based social agents. While numerous studies have explored these agents in such settings, there is a lack of a comprehensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Xiachong Feng , Longxu Dou , Ella Li , Qinghao Wang , Haochuan Wang , Yu Guo , Chang Ma , Lingpeng Kong

Understanding decision-making in multi-AI-agent frameworks is crucial for analyzing strategic interactions in network-effect-driven contexts. This study investigates how AI agents navigate network-effect games, where individual payoffs…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Yu Liu , Wenwen Li , Yifan Dou , Guangnan Ye

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have enabled the development of AI agents that exhibit increasingly human-like behaviors, including planning, adaptation, and social dynamics across diverse, interactive, and open-ended…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-06-13 Lin Chen , Yunke Zhang , Jie Feng , Haoye Chai , Honglin Zhang , Bingbing Fan , Yibo Ma , Shiyuan Zhang , Nian Li , Tianhui Liu , Nicholas Sukiennik , Keyu Zhao , Yu Li , Ziyi Liu , Fengli Xu , Yong Li

Game theory offers a powerful framework for analyzing strategic interactions among decision-makers, providing tools to model, analyze, and predict their behavior. However, implementing game theory can be challenging due to difficulties in…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-15 Yaoqi Yang , Hongyang Du , Geng Sun , Zehui Xiong , Dusit Niyato , Zhu Han

The Game Reasoning Arena library provides a framework for evaluating the decision making abilities of large language models (LLMs) through strategic board games implemented in Google OpenSpiel library. The framework enables systematic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Lucia Cipolina-Kun , Marianna Nezhurina , Jenia Jitsev

A game process is a system where the decisions of one agent can influence the decisions of other agents. In the real world, social influences and relationships between agents may influence the decision makings of agents with game behaviors.…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-03-31 Jie Huang , Fanghua Ye , Xu Chen

Dynamic game theory is an increasingly popular tool for modeling multi-agent, e.g. human-robot, interactions. Game-theoretic models presume that each agent wishes to minimize a private cost function that depends on others' actions. These…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Cade Armstrong , Ryan Park , Xinjie Liu , Kushagra Gupta , David Fridovich-Keil

Game theory is a foundational framework for analyzing strategic interactions, and its intersection with large language models (LLMs) is a rapidly growing field. However, existing surveys mainly focus narrowly on using game theory to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Haoran Sun , Yusen Wu , Peng Wang , Wei Chen , Yukun Cheng , Xiaotie Deng , Xu Chu

Useful social science theories predict behavior across settings. However, applying a theory to make predictions in new settings is challenging: rarely can it be done without ad hoc modifications to account for setting-specific factors. We…

General Economics · Economics 2026-03-03 Benjamin S. Manning , John J. Horton

There is general agreement that fostering trust and cooperation within the AI development ecosystem is essential to promote the adoption of trustworthy AI systems. By embedding Large Language Model (LLM) agents within an evolutionary…

Multi-agent systems built from teams of large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed for collaborative scientific reasoning and problem-solving. These systems require agents to coordinate under shared constraints, such as GPUs or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Shivani Kumar , Adarsh Bharathwaj , David Jurgens

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly applied to domains that require reasoning about other agents' behavior, such as negotiation, policy design, and market simulation, yet existing research has mostly evaluated their adherence to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Enric Junque de Fortuny , Veronica Roberta Cappelli

This paper introduces an information-theoretic method for selecting a subset of problems which gives the most information about a group of problem-solving algorithms. This method was tested on the games in the General Video Game AI (GVGAI)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-05-19 Matthew Stephenson , Damien Anderson , Ahmed Khalifa , John Levine , Jochen Renz , Julian Togelius , Christoph Salge

AI-based systems, including Large Language Models (LLM), impact millions by supporting diverse tasks but face issues like misinformation, bias, and misuse. AI ethics is crucial as new technologies and concerns emerge, but objective,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-05-19 José Antonio Siqueira de Cerqueira , Mamia Agbese , Rebekah Rousi , Nannan Xi , Juho Hamari , Pekka Abrahamsson

We present an algorithm that identifies the reasoning patterns of agents in a game, by iteratively examining the graph structure of its Multi-Agent Influence Diagram (MAID) representation. If the decision of an agent participates in no…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2012-06-18 Dimitrios Antos , Avi Pfeffer

Large Language Models (LLMs) have increasingly enhanced or replaced traditional Non-Player Characters (NPCs) in video games. However, these LLM-based NPCs inherit underlying social biases (e.g., race or class), posing fairness risks during…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Bingkang Shi , Jen-tse Huang , Long Luo , Tianyu Zong , Hongzhu Yi , Yuanxiang Wang , Songlin Hu , Xiaodan Zhang , Zhongjiang Yao

We propose GAM-Agent, a game-theoretic multi-agent framework for enhancing vision-language reasoning. Unlike prior single-agent or monolithic models, GAM-Agent formulates the reasoning process as a non-zero-sum game between base…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Jusheng Zhang , Yijia Fan , Wenjun Lin , Ruiqi Chen , Haoyi Jiang , Wenhao Chai , Jian Wang , Keze Wang