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Large Language Models (LLMs) have impressive data fusion and reasoning capabilities for autonomous driving (AD). However, training LLMs for AD faces significant challenges including high computation transmission costs, and privacy concerns…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Tianao Xiang , Mingjian Zhi , Yuanguo Bi , Lin Cai , Yuhao Chen

Diffusion Language Models (DLMs) offer a promising parallel generation paradigm but suffer from slow inference due to numerous refinement steps and the inability to use standard KV caching. We introduce CDLM (Consistency Diffusion Language…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Minseo Kim , Chenfeng Xu , Coleman Hooper , Harman Singh , Ben Athiwaratkun , Ce Zhang , Kurt Keutzer , Amir Gholami

Humans naturally understand 3D spatial relationships, enabling complex reasoning like predicting collisions of vehicles from different directions. Current large multimodal models (LMMs), however, lack of this capability of 3D spatial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Wufei Ma , Luoxin Ye , Celso M de Melo , Jieneng Chen , Alan Yuille

Behavior cloning has shown success in many sequential decision-making tasks by learning from expert demonstrations, yet they can be very sample inefficient and fail to generalize to unseen scenarios. One approach to these problems is to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Feiyu Zhu , Jean Oh , Reid Simmons

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have unlocked powerful reasoning and decision-making capabilities. However, their inherent dependence on static parametric memory fundamentally limits their adaptability, factual accuracy, and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Xinkui Zhao , Haode Li , Yifan Zhang , Guanjie Cheng , Yueshen Xu

Knowledge-Intensive Visual Grounding (KVG) requires models to localize objects using fine-grained, domain-specific entity names rather than generic referring expressions. Although Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) possess rich entity…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Xinyu Ma , Ziyang Ding , Zhicong Luo , Chi Chen , Zonghao Guo , Derek F. Wong , Zhen Zhao , Xiaoyi Feng , Maosong Sun

This paper introduces a novel optimization framework that fundamentally integrates the Minimum Description Length (MDL) principle into the training dynamics of deep neural networks. Moving beyond its conventional role as a model selection…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Ming Lei , Shufan Wu , Christophe Baehr

This paper presents a novel Perceptual Motor Learning (PML) framework integrated with Active Inference (AIF) to enhance lateral control in Highly Automated Vehicles (HAVs). PML, inspired by human motor learning, emphasizes the seamless…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Elahe Delavari , John Moore , Junho Hong , Jaerock Kwon

In the coming years and decades, autonomous vehicles (AVs) will become increasingly prevalent, offering new opportunities for safer and more convenient travel and potentially smarter traffic control methods exploiting automation and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-10-04 Tianyu Shi , Yifei Ai , Omar ElSamadisy , Baher Abdulhai

Autonomous driving in urban crowds at unregulated intersections is challenging, where dynamic occlusions and uncertain behaviors of other vehicles should be carefully considered. Traditional methods are heuristic and based on…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-09-20 Peide Cai , Sukai Wang , Hengli Wang , Ming Liu

The emergence of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has revolutionized image understanding by bridging textual and visual modalities. However, these models often struggle with capturing fine-grained semantic information, such as the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Jie Yang , Wang Zeng , Sheng Jin , Lumin Xu , Wentao Liu , Chen Qian , Zhen Li , Ruimao Zhang

Autonomous driving has received a great deal of attention in the automotive industry and is often seen as the future of transportation. The development of autonomous driving technology has been greatly accelerated by the growth of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Hemanth Manjunatha , Andrey Pak , Dimitar Filev , Panagiotis Tsiotras

Accurate modeling of car-following behaviors is essential for various applications in traffic management and autonomous driving systems. However, current approaches often suffer from limitations like high sensitivity to data quality and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Xianda Chen , Mingxing Peng , PakHin Tiu , Yuanfei Wu , Junjie Chen , Meixin Zhu , Xinhu Zheng

Despite significant recent progress in the field of autonomous driving, modern methods still struggle and can incur serious accidents when encountering long-tail unforeseen events and challenging urban scenarios. On the one hand, large…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-22 Hao Shao , Yuxuan Hu , Letian Wang , Steven L. Waslander , Yu Liu , Hongsheng Li

Deep reinforcement learning (deep RL) has achieved superior performance in complex sequential tasks by learning directly from image input. A deep neural network is used as a function approximator and requires no specific state information.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-27 Xi Chen , Caylin Hickey

Current autonomous driving vehicles rely mainly on their individual sensors to understand surrounding scenes and plan for future trajectories, which can be unreliable when the sensors are malfunctioning or occluded. To address this problem,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Hsu-kuang Chiu , Ryo Hachiuma , Chien-Yi Wang , Stephen F. Smith , Yu-Chiang Frank Wang , Min-Hung Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently emerged as a powerful paradigm for Knowledge Graph Completion (KGC), offering strong reasoning and generalization capabilities beyond traditional embedding-based approaches. However, existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Wenbin Guo , Xin Wang , Jiaoyan Chen , Lingbing Guo , Zhao Li , Zirui Chen

Class-Incremental Learning (CIL) requires a learning system to learn new classes while retaining previously learned knowledge. However, in real-world scenarios such as autonomous driving, a system trained on urban roads in sunny weather may…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Zhen-Hao Xie , Yan Wang , Hao Sun , Han-Jia Ye , De-Chuan Zhan , Da-Wei Zhou

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) is popular in large language models (LLMs), whereas traditional Reinforcement Learning (RL) often falls short. Current autonomous driving methods typically utilize either human feedback in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Yuan Sun , Navid Salami Pargoo , Peter J. Jin , Jorge Ortiz

We introduce the problem of continual distillation learning (CDL) in order to use knowledge distillation (KD) to improve prompt-based continual learning (CL) models. The CDL problem is valuable to study since the use of a larger vision…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Qifan Zhang , Yunhui Guo , Yu Xiang