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Related papers: Leakage and Interpretability in Concept-Based Mode…

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Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) aim to enhance interpretability by structuring predictions around human-understandable concepts. However, unintended information leakage, where predictive signals bypass the concept bottleneck, compromises…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Mikael Makonnen , Moritz Vandenhirtz , Sonia Laguna , Julia E Vogt

As AI models grow larger, the demand for accountability and interpretability has become increasingly critical for understanding their decision-making processes. Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) have gained attention for enhancing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Angelos Ragkousis , Sonali Parbhoo

Concept bottleneck models perform classification by first predicting which of a list of human provided concepts are true about a datapoint. Then a downstream model uses these predicted concept labels to predict the target label. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Joshua Lockhart , Nicolas Marchesotti , Daniele Magazzeni , Manuela Veloso

Concept-based Models are a class of inherently explainable networks that improve upon standard Deep Neural Networks by providing a rationale behind their predictions using human-understandable `concepts'. With these models being highly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Sanchit Sinha , Aidong Zhang

Concept bottleneck models (CBMs) are interpretable models that first predict a set of semantically meaningful features, i.e., concepts, from observations that are subsequently used to condition a downstream task. However, the model's…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-04 Renos Zabounidis , Ini Oguntola , Konghao Zhao , Joseph Campbell , Simon Stepputtis , Katia Sycara

With the growing popularity of general-purpose Large Language Models (LLMs), comes a need for more global explanations of model behaviors. Concept-based explanations arise as a promising avenue for explaining high-level patterns learned by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Meng Li , Haoran Jin , Ruixuan Huang , Zhihao Xu , Defu Lian , Zijia Lin , Di Zhang , Xiting Wang

There is growing interest in concept-based models (CBMs) that combine high-performance and interpretability by acquiring and reasoning with a vocabulary of high-level concepts. A key requirement is that the concepts be interpretable.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-19 Emanuele Marconato , Andrea Passerini , Stefano Teso

Data leakage is the inadvertent transfer of information between training and evaluation datasets that poses a subtle, yet critical, risk to the reliability of machine learning (ML) models in safety-critical systems such as automotive…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Md Abu Ahammed Babu , Sushant Kumar Pandey , Darko Durisic , Andras Balint , Miroslaw Staron

The opaque nature of Large Language Models (LLMs) has led to significant research efforts aimed at enhancing their interpretability, primarily through post-hoc methods. More recent in-hoc approaches, such as Concept Bottleneck Models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Or Raphael Bidusa , Shaul Markovitch

The expanding integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into recommender systems poses critical challenges to evaluation reliability. This paper identifies and investigates a previously overlooked issue: benchmark data leakage in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Mingqiao Zhang , Qiyao Peng , Yinghui Wang , Hongtao Liu , Yumeng Wang

Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) are interpretable models that route predictions through a layer of human-interpretable concepts. While widely studied in vision and, more recently, in NLP, CBMs remain largely unexplored in multimodal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Pierre Moreau , Emeline Pineau Ferrand , Yann Choho , Benjamin Wong , Annabelle Blangero , Milan Bhan

Concept-based explainability methods provide insight into deep learning systems by constructing explanations using human-understandable concepts. While the literature on human reasoning demonstrates that we exploit relationships between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Naveen Raman , Mateo Espinosa Zarlenga , Mateja Jamnik

Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) aim to deliver interpretable and interventionable predictions by bridging features and labels with human-understandable concepts. While recent CBMs show promising potential, they suffer from information…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-12 Ao Sun , Yuanyuan Yuan , Pingchuan Ma , Shuai Wang

Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) aim for ante-hoc interpretability by learning a bottleneck layer that predicts interpretable concepts before the decision. State-of-the-art approaches typically select which concepts to learn via human…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Antonio De Santis , Schrasing Tong , Marco Brambilla , Lalana Kagal

In this paper, we investigate how concept-based models (CMs) respond to out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs. CMs are interpretable neural architectures that first predict a set of high-level concepts (e.g., stripes, black) and then predict a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Mateo Espinosa Zarlenga , Gabriele Dominici , Pietro Barbiero , Zohreh Shams , Mateja Jamnik

Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) provide interpretable prediction by introducing an intermediate Concept Bottleneck Layer (CBL), which encodes human-understandable concepts to explain models' decision. Recent works proposed to utilize Large…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Divyansh Srivastava , Ge Yan , Tsui-Wei Weng

Machine learning models that first learn a representation of a domain in terms of human-understandable concepts, then use it to make predictions, have been proposed to facilitate interpretation and interaction with models trained on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-08 Isaac Lage , Finale Doshi-Velez

Leakage of data from publicly available Machine Learning (ML) models is an area of growing significance as commercial and government applications of ML can draw on multiple sources of data, potentially including users' and clients'…

Knowledge Tracing (KT) is concerned with predicting students' future performance on learning items in intelligent tutoring systems. Learning items are tagged with skill labels called knowledge concepts (KCs). Many KT models expand the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Yahya Badran , Christine Preisach

Machine learning models that incorporate concept learning as an intermediate step in their decision making process can match the performance of black-box predictive models while retaining the ability to explain outcomes in human…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-28 Anita Mahinpei , Justin Clark , Isaac Lage , Finale Doshi-Velez , Weiwei Pan
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