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Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting can dramatically improve the multi-step reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs). CoT explicitly encourages the LLM to generate intermediate rationales for solving a problem, by providing a series…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Boshi Wang , Sewon Min , Xiang Deng , Jiaming Shen , You Wu , Luke Zettlemoyer , Huan Sun

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable improvements in reasoning and planning through increased test-time compute, often by framing problem-solving as a search process. While methods like Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Nathan Herr , Tim Rocktäschel , Roberta Raileanu

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting has been used to enhance the reasoning capability of LLMs. However, its reliability in security-sensitive analytical tasks remains insufficiently examined, particularly under structured human evaluation.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Jiling Zhou , Aisvarya Adeseye , Seppo Virtanen , Antti Hakkala , Jouni Isoaho

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across various tasks but their performance in complex logical reasoning tasks remains unsatisfactory. Although some prompting methods, such as Chain-of-Thought, can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Tongxuan Liu , Wenjiang Xu , Weizhe Huang , Yuting Zeng , Jiaxing Wang , Xingyu Wang , Hailong Yang , Jing Li

We propose cognitive prompting as a novel approach to guide problem-solving in large language models (LLMs) through structured, human-like cognitive operations, such as goal clarification, decomposition, filtering, abstraction, and pattern…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Oliver Kramer , Jill Baumann

In this paper, we introduce the Tree-of-Thought (ToT) framework, a novel approach aimed at improving the problem-solving capabilities of auto-regressive large language models (LLMs). The ToT technique is inspired by the human mind's…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Jieyi Long

We introduce SELF-DISCOVER, a general framework for LLMs to self-discover the task-intrinsic reasoning structures to tackle complex reasoning problems that are challenging for typical prompting methods. Core to the framework is a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Pei Zhou , Jay Pujara , Xiang Ren , Xinyun Chen , Heng-Tze Cheng , Quoc V. Le , Ed H. Chi , Denny Zhou , Swaroop Mishra , Huaixiu Steven Zheng

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive performance on complex tasks through Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning. However, conventional CoT relies on explicitly verbalized intermediate steps, which constrains its broader…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Xinghao Chen , Anhao Zhao , Heming Xia , Xuan Lu , Hanlin Wang , Yanjun Chen , Wei Zhang , Jian Wang , Wenjie Li , Xiaoyu Shen

Recently, test-time scaling has garnered significant attention from the research community, largely due to the substantial advancements of the o1 model released by OpenAI. By allocating more computational resources during the inference…

Structured reasoning can improve the inference performance of large language models (LLMs), but it also introduces computational cost and control constraints. When additional reasoning structure helps, and when it instead reduces efficiency…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Junyu Guo , Shangding Gu , Ming Jin , Costas Spanos , Javad Lavaei

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting enhances mathematical reasoning in large language models (LLMs) by enabling detailed step-by-step solutions. However, due to the verbosity of LLMs, the resulting reasoning chains can be long, making it…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Sagnik Mukherjee , Abhinav Chinta , Takyoung Kim , Tarun Anoop Sharma , Dilek Hakkani-Tür

This paper investigates the utilization of Large Language Models (LLMs) for solving complex linguistic puzzles, a domain requiring advanced reasoning and adept translation capabilities akin to human cognitive processes. We explore specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Zheng-Lin Lin , Yu-Fei Shih , Shu-Kai Hsieh

Large Language Models (LLMs) are demonstrating rapid improvements on complex reasoning benchmarks, particularly when allowed to utilize intermediate reasoning steps before converging on a final solution. However, current literature often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Ákos Prucs , Márton Csutora , Mátyás Antal , Márk Marosi

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing, yet they struggle with inconsistent reasoning, particularly in novel domains and complex logical sequences. This research introduces Proof of Thought, a framework…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Debargha Ganguly , Srinivasan Iyengar , Vipin Chaudhary , Shivkumar Kalyanaraman

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently achieved impressive performance in math and reasoning benchmarks. However, they often struggle with logic problems and puzzles that are relatively easy for humans. To further investigate this, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Nasim Borazjanizadeh , Roei Herzig , Trevor Darrell , Rogerio Feris , Leonid Karlinsky

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged with many intellectual capacities. While numerous benchmarks assess their intelligence, limited attention has been given to their ability to explore--an essential capacity for discovering new…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Lan Pan , Hanbo Xie , Robert C. Wilson

Large Language Models (LLMs) have succeeded remarkably in various natural language processing (NLP) tasks, yet their reasoning capabilities remain a fundamental challenge. While LLMs exhibit impressive fluency and factual recall, their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Avinash Patil , Aryan Jadon

Advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly improved multi-step reasoning through generating free-text rationales. However, recent studies show that LLMs tend to lose focus over the middle of long contexts. This raises…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Siyuan Wang , Enda Zhao , Zhongyu Wei , Xiang Ren

We study the task of prompting large-scale language models to perform multi-step reasoning. Existing work shows that when prompted with a chain of thoughts (CoT), sequences of short sentences describing intermediate reasoning steps towards…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Yao Fu , Hao Peng , Ashish Sabharwal , Peter Clark , Tushar Khot

In response to the lack of trust in Artificial Intelligence (AI) for sequential planning, we design a Computational Tree Logic-guided large language model (LLM)-based natural language explanation framework designed for the Monte Carlo Tree…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Ziyan An , Xia Wang , Hendrik Baier , Zirong Chen , Abhishek Dubey , Taylor T. Johnson , Jonathan Sprinkle , Ayan Mukhopadhyay , Meiyi Ma