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Automated audio captioning models frequently produce overconfident predictions regardless of semantic accuracy, limiting their reliability in deployment. This deficiency stems from two factors: evaluation metrics based on n-gram overlap…

While automated audio captioning (AAC) has made notable progress, traditional fully supervised AAC models still face two critical challenges: the need for expensive audio-text pair data for training and performance degradation when…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Xiquan Li , Wenxi Chen , Ziyang Ma , Xuenan Xu , Yuzhe Liang , Zhisheng Zheng , Qiuqiang Kong , Xie Chen

In this work, we focus on effectively leveraging and integrating information from concept-level as well as word-level via projecting concepts and words into a lower dimensional space while retaining most critical semantics. In a broad…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-07-17 Yukun Ma , Erik Cambria

Neural networks have greatly boosted performance in computer vision by learning powerful representations of input data. The drawback of end-to-end training for maximal overall performance are black-box models whose hidden representations…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-29 Patrick Esser , Robin Rombach , Björn Ommer

Speaker embeddings carry valuable emotion-related information, which makes them a promising resource for enhancing speech emotion recognition (SER), especially with limited labeled data. Traditionally, it has been assumed that emotion…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-03 Ismail Rasim Ulgen , Zongyang Du , Carlos Busso , Berrak Sisman

Mainstream Audio Analytics models are trained to learn under the paradigm of one class label to many recordings focusing on one task. Learning under such restricted supervision limits the flexibility of models because they require labeled…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-06-13 Benjamin Elizalde , Soham Deshmukh , Mahmoud Al Ismail , Huaming Wang

We propose Wav2CLIP, a robust audio representation learning method by distilling from Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP). We systematically evaluate Wav2CLIP on a variety of audio tasks including classification, retrieval, and…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-02-16 Ho-Hsiang Wu , Prem Seetharaman , Kundan Kumar , Juan Pablo Bello

This work introduces Text2FX, a method that leverages CLAP embeddings and differentiable digital signal processing to control audio effects, such as equalization and reverberation, using open-vocabulary natural language prompts (e.g., "make…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-21 Annie Chu , Patrick O'Reilly , Julia Barnett , Bryan Pardo

Multimodal representation learning produces high-dimensional embeddings that align diverse modalities in a shared latent space. While this enables strong generalization, it also introduces scalability challenges, both in terms of storage…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Eleonora Grassucci , Giordano Cicchetti , Aurelio Uncini , Danilo Comminiello

Neural network-based representations ("embeddings") have dramatically advanced natural language processing (NLP) tasks, including clinical NLP tasks such as concept extraction. Recently, however, more advanced embedding methods and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-15 Yuqi Si , Jingqi Wang , Hua Xu , Kirk Roberts

One of the main methods for computational interpretation of a text is mapping it into a vector in some embedding space. Such vectors can then be used for a variety of textual processing tasks. Recently, most embedding spaces are a product…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Adi Simhi , Shaul Markovitch

Large-scale vision-language models demonstrate strong multimodal alignment and generalization across diverse tasks. Among them, CLIP stands out as one of the most successful approaches. In this work, we extend the application of CLIP to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Sooyoung Park , Arda Senocak , Joon Son Chung

Supervised learning methods can solve the given problem in the presence of a large set of labeled data. However, the acquisition of a dataset covering all the target classes typically requires manual labeling which is expensive and…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-06-13 Duygu Dogan , Huang Xie , Toni Heittola , Tuomas Virtanen

Spoken language understanding is typically based on pipeline architectures including speech recognition and natural language understanding steps. These components are optimized independently to allow usage of available data, but the overall…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-08-13 Pavel Denisov , Ngoc Thang Vu

We consider probabilistic topic models and more recent word embedding techniques from a perspective of learning hidden semantic representations. Inspired by a striking similarity of the two approaches, we merge them and learn probabilistic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-11-15 Anna Potapenko , Artem Popov , Konstantin Vorontsov

This paper introduces a novel approach to speech restoration by integrating a context-related conditioning strategy. Specifically, we employ the diffusion-based generative restoration model, UNIVERSE++, as a backbone to evaluate the…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-13 Soo-Whan Chung , Min-Seok Choi

Audio representation learning based on deep neural networks (DNNs) emerged as an alternative approach to hand-crafted features. For achieving high performance, DNNs often need a large amount of annotated data which can be difficult and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-09 Xavier Favory , Konstantinos Drossos , Tuomas Virtanen , Xavier Serra

We propose Fast Language-Audio Pre-training (FLAP), a self-supervised approach that efficiently and effectively learns aligned audio and language representations through masking, contrastive learning and reconstruction. For efficiency, FLAP…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-11-06 Ching-Feng Yeh , Po-Yao Huang , Vasu Sharma , Shang-Wen Li , Gargi Gosh

We propose spoken sentence embeddings which capture both acoustic and linguistic content. While existing works operate at the character, phoneme, or word level, our method learns long-term dependencies by modeling speech at the sentence…

Sound · Computer Science 2019-02-22 Albert Haque , Michelle Guo , Prateek Verma , Li Fei-Fei

This study investigates the explainability of embedding representations, specifically those used in modern audio spoofing detection systems based on deep neural networks, known as spoof embeddings. Building on established work in speaker…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Xuechen Liu , Junichi Yamagishi , Md Sahidullah , Tomi kinnunen