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Large language model (LLM) agents are vulnerable to prompt-injection attacks that propagate through multi-step workflows, tool interactions, and persistent context, making input-output filtering alone insufficient for reliable protection.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Hailin Liu , Eugene Ilyushin , Jie Ni , Min Zhu

Personal AI agents like OpenClaw run with elevated privileges on users' local machines, where a single successful prompt injection can leak credentials, redirect financial transactions, or destroy files. This threat goes well beyond…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Bowen Wei , Yunbei Zhang , Jinhao Pan , Kai Mei , Xiao Wang , Jihun Hamm , Ziwei Zhu , Yingqiang Ge

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) agents into web browsers introduces security challenges that go beyond traditional web application threat models. Prior work has identified prompt injection as a new attack vector for web…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Kaiyuan Zhang , Mark Tenenholtz , Kyle Polley , Jerry Ma , Denis Yarats , Ninghui Li

Agent Academy (AA) aims to develop a multi-agent society that can train new agents for specific or general tasks, while constantly retraining existing agents in a recursive mode. The system is based on collecting information both from the…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2007-05-23 P. Mitkas , A. Symeonidis , D. Kechagias , I. N. Athanasiadis , G. Laleci , G. Kurt , Y. Kabak , A. Acar , A. Dogac

Multimodal Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems, particularly Vision-Language Models (VLMs), have become integral to critical applications ranging from autonomous decision-making to automated document processing. As these systems scale,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-05 M Zeeshan , Saud Satti

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used in agentic systems, where their interactions with diverse tools and environments create complex, multi-stage safety challenges. However, existing benchmarks mostly rely on static,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Liming Lu , Xiang Gu , Junyu Huang , Jiawei Du , Xu Zheng , Yunhuai Liu , Yongbin Zhou , Shuchao Pang

We present Doctorina MedBench, a comprehensive evaluation framework for agent-based medical AI based on the simulation of realistic physician-patient interactions. Unlike traditional medical benchmarks that rely on solving standardized test…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Anna Kozlova , Stanislau Salavei , Pavel Satalkin , Hanna Plotnitskaya , Sergey Parfenyuk

Penetration testing is critical for identifying and mitigating security vulnerabilities, yet traditional approaches remain expensive, time-consuming, and dependent on expert human labor. Recent work has explored AI-driven pentesting agents,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Wuyuao Mai , Geng Hong , Qi Liu , Jinsong Chen , Jiarun Dai , Xudong Pan , Yuan Zhang , Min Yang

Existing evaluations of agents with memory typically assess memorization and action in isolation. One class of benchmarks evaluates memorization by testing recall of past conversations or text but fails to capture how memory is used to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Zexue He , Yu Wang , Churan Zhi , Yuanzhe Hu , Tzu-Ping Chen , Lang Yin , Ze Chen , Tong Arthur Wu , Siru Ouyang , Zihan Wang , Jiaxin Pei , Julian McAuley , Yejin Choi , Alex Pentland

Multiplayer Online Battle Arena (MOBA) is one of the most played game genres nowadays. With the increasing growth of this genre, it becomes necessary to develop effective intelligent agents to play alongside or against human players. In…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-06-12 Victor do Nascimento Silva , Luiz Chaimowicz

As AI agents become more widely deployed, we are likely to see an increasing number of incidents: events involving AI agent use that directly or indirectly cause harm. For example, agents could be prompt-injected to exfiltrate private…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Carson Ezell , Xavier Roberts-Gaal , Alan Chan

Prompt injection attacks pose serious security risks across a wide range of real-world applications. While receiving increasing attention, the community faces a critical gap: the lack of a unified platform for prompt injection evaluation.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Runpeng Geng , Chenlong Yin , Yanting Wang , Ying Chen , Jinyuan Jia

Training models to act as agents that can effectively navigate and perform actions in a complex environment, such as a web browser, has typically been challenging due to lack of training data. Large language models (LLMs) have recently…

The pursuit of robot generalists, agents capable of performing diverse tasks across diverse environments, demands rigorous and scalable evaluation. Yet real-world testing of robot policies remains fundamentally constrained: it is…

Despite remarkable advancements in emulating human-like behavior through Large Language Models (LLMs), current textual simulations do not adequately address the notion of time. To this end, we introduce TimeArena, a novel textual simulated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-09 Yikai Zhang , Siyu Yuan , Caiyu Hu , Kyle Richardson , Yanghua Xiao , Jiangjie Chen

Cybersecurity tools are increasingly automated with artificial intelligent (AI) capabilities to match the exponential scale of attacks, compensate for the relatively slower rate of training new cybersecurity talents, and improve of the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-09-25 Hetong Jiang , Taejun Choi , Ryan K. L. Ko

As Large Language Models (LLMs) become increasingly integrated into real-world decision-making systems, understanding their behavioural vulnerabilities remains a critical challenge for AI safety and alignment. While existing evaluation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Lili Zhang , Haomiaomiao Wang , Long Cheng , Libao Deng , Tomas Ward

Artificial intelligence (AI) agents are increasingly used in a variety of domains to automate tasks, interact with users, and make decisions based on data inputs. Ensuring that AI agents perform only authorized actions and handle inputs…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Nadya Abaev , Denis Klimov , Gerard Levinov , David Mimran , Yuval Elovici , Asaf Shabtai

Frontier AI systems are increasingly capable and deployed in high-stakes multi-agent environments. However, existing AI safety benchmarks largely evaluate single agents, leaving multi-agent risks such as coordination failure and conflict…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Pepijn Cobben , Xuanqiang Angelo Huang , Thao Amelia Pham , Isabel Dahlgren , Terry Jingchen Zhang , Zhijing Jin

Cybersecurity decision-making increasingly occurs in environments characterized by uncertainty, partial observability, and adversarial manipulation, where heterogeneous signals from multiple sources are often incomplete, ambiguous, or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Andrei Kojukhov , Arkady Bovshover