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Quantum computing is moving beyond its early stage and seeking for commercial applications in chemical and biomedical sciences. In the current noisy intermediate-scale quantum computing era, quantum resource is too scarce to support these…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-08 Honghui Shang , Yi Fan , Li Shen , Chu Guo , Jie Liu , Xiaohui Duan , Fang Li , Zhenyu Li

It is imperative that useful quantum computers be very difficult to simulate classically; otherwise classical computers could be used for the applications envisioned for the quantum ones. Perfect quantum computers are unarguably…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-26 Yiqing Zhou , E. Miles Stoudenmire , Xavier Waintal

Quantum computers are promising powerful computers for solving complex problems, but access to real quantum hardware remains limited due to high costs. Although the software simulators on CPUs/GPUs such as Qiskit, ProjectQ, and Qsun offer…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-19 Tuan Hai Vu , Vu Trung Duong Le , Hoai Luan Pham , Quoc Chuong Nguyen , Yasuhiko Nakashima

The frontier of quantum computing (QC) simulation on classical hardware is quickly reaching the hard scalability limits for computational feasibility. Nonetheless, there is still a need to simulate large quantum systems classically, as the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-23 Marzio Vallero , Flavio Vella , Paolo Rech

As the number of qubits in a sensor increases, the complexity of designing and controlling the quantum circuits grows exponentially. Manually optimizing these circuits becomes infeasible. Optimizing entanglement distribution in large-scale…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-01 Laxmisha Ashok Attisara , Sathish Kumar

In this work we introduce an open source suite of quantum application-oriented performance benchmarks that is designed to measure the effectiveness of quantum computing hardware at executing quantum applications. These benchmarks probe a…

Hardware-efficient circuits employed in Quantum Machine Learning are typically composed of alternating layers of uniformly applied gates. High-speed numerical simulators for such circuits are crucial for advancing research in this field. In…

We introduce AQCtensor, a novel algorithm to produce short-depth quantum circuits from Matrix Product States (MPS). Our approach is specifically tailored to the preparation of quantum states generated from the time evolution of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-23 Niall F. Robertson , Albert Akhriev , Jiri Vala , Sergiy Zhuk

It is one of the most fundamental objectives in quantum information science to understand the boundary between the computational power of classical and quantum computers. One possible avenue to explore this boundary is to identify classes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-28 Christophe Piveteau

Quantum computing holds promise for revolutionizing computational chemistry simulations, particularly in drug discovery. However, current quantum hardware is limited by noise and scale, necessitating bridging technologies. This study…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-16 Marek Kowalik , Ellen Michael , Peter Pogány , Phalgun Lolur

Tensor networks establish an adaptable framework for the emulation of quantum circuits. By partitioning exponentially large registers and gates into smaller tensors, this unlocks fast transformations through tensor algebra, and grants fine…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Jakub Adamski , Oliver Thomson Brown

While the recent demonstration of accurate computations of classically intractable simulations on noisy quantum processors brings quantum advantage closer, there is still the challenge of demonstrating it for practical problems. Here we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-29 Artemiy Burov , Oliver Nagl , Clément Javerzac-Galy

Traditional algorithms for simulating quantum computers on classical ones require an exponentially large amount of memory, and so typically cannot simulate general quantum circuits with more than about 30 or so qubits on a typical PC-scale…

Due to the scarcity of quantum computing resources, researchers and developers have very limited access to real quantum computers. Therefore, judicious planning and utilization of quantum computer runtime are essential to ensure smooth…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Ning Ma , Heng Li

Efficient simulation of quantum circuits has become indispensable with the rapid development of quantum hardware. The primary simulation methods are based on state vectors and tensor networks. As the number of qubits and quantum gates grows…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-13 Feng Pan , Hanfeng Gu , Lvlin Kuang , Bing Liu , Pan Zhang

Simulating quantum circuits using classical computers can accelerate the development and validation of quantum algorithms. Our newly developed algorithm, variational quantum search (VQS), has shown an exponential advantage over Grover's…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-13 Mohammadreza Soltaninia , Junpeng Zhan

Quantum state tomography (QST) is the gold standard technique for obtaining an estimate for the state of small quantum systems in the laboratory. Its application to systems with more than a few constituents (e.g. particles) soon becomes…

As a new research area, quantum software testing lacks systematic testing benchmarks to assess testing techniques' effectiveness. Recently, some open-source benchmarks and mutation analysis tools have emerged. However, there is insufficient…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Eñaut Mendiluze Usandizaga , Tao Yue , Paolo Arcaini , Shaukat Ali

Simulating quantum systems using classical computing equipment has been a significant research focus. This work demonstrates that circuits as large and complex as the random circuit sampling (RCS) circuits published as a part of Google's…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-20 Venkateswaran Kasirajan , Torey Battelle , Bob Wold

Encoding classical data in a quantum state is a key prerequisite of many quantum algorithms. Recently matrix product state (MPS) methods emerged as the most promising approach for constructing shallow quantum circuits approximating input…