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Importance sampling has been reported to produce algorithms with excellent empirical performance in counting problems. However, the theoretical support for its efficiency in these applications has been very limited. In this paper, we…

Probability · Mathematics 2009-08-10 Jose H. Blanchet

Importance sampling is widely used to improve the efficiency of deep neural network (DNN) training by reducing the variance of gradient estimators. However, efficiently assessing the variance reduction relative to uniform sampling remains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Takuro Kutsuna

The probability of rare and extreme events is an important quantity for design purposes. However, computing the probability of rare events can be expensive because only a few events, if any, can be observed. To this end, it is necessary to…

Computational Physics · Physics 2020-01-08 Malik Hassanaly , Venkat Raman

This paper considers importance sampling for estimation of rare-event probabilities in a specific collection of Markovian jump processes used for e.g. modelling of credit risk. Previous attempts at designing importance sampling algorithms…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-12-02 Boualem Djehiche , Henrik Hult , Pierre Nyquist

Deep neural network training spends most of the computation on examples that are properly handled, and could be ignored. We propose to mitigate this phenomenon with a principled importance sampling scheme that focuses computation on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-29 Angelos Katharopoulos , François Fleuret

We consider the problem of selecting important nodes in a random network, where the nodes connect to each other randomly with certain transition probabilities. The node importance is characterized by the stationary probabilities of the…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-01-14 Haidong Li , Xiaoyun Xu , Yijie Peng , Chun-Hung Chen

We consider the problem of low probability estimation: given a machine learning model and a formally-specified input distribution, how can we estimate the probability of a binary property of the model's output, even when that probability is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Gabriel Wu , Jacob Hilton

The marginal likelihood is a central tool for drawing Bayesian inference about the number of components in mixture models. It is often approximated since the exact form is unavailable. A bias in the approximation may be due to an incomplete…

Computation · Statistics 2014-11-14 Jeong Eun Lee , Christian P. Robert

We develop importance sampling based efficient simulation techniques for three commonly encountered rare event probabilities associated with random walks having i.i.d. regularly varying increments; namely, 1) the large deviation…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-09-30 Karthyek R. A. Murthy , Sandeep Juneja , Jose Blanchet

A sequential importance sampling algorithm is developed for the distribution that results when a matrix of independent, but not identically distributed, Bernoulli random variables is conditioned on a given sequence of row and column sums.…

Computation · Statistics 2013-01-18 Matthew T. Harrison , Jeffrey W. Miller

Although stochastic models driven by latent Markov processes are widely used, the classical importance sampling methods based on the exponential tilting for these models suffers from the difficulties in computing the eigenvalues and…

Computation · Statistics 2025-10-14 Cheng-Der Fuh , Yanwei Jia , Steven Kou

State-of-the-art methods for rare event simulation of non-Markovian models face practical or theoretical limits if observing the event of interest requires prior knowledge or information on the timed behavior of the system. In this paper,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Gabriel Dengler , Carlos E. Budde , Laura Carnevali , Arnd Hartmanns

Variational inference approximates the posterior distribution of a probabilistic model with a parameterized density by maximizing a lower bound for the model evidence. Modern solutions fit a flexible approximation with stochastic gradient…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-07-13 Joseph Sakaya , Arto Klami

The development of enhanced sampling methods has greatly extended the scope of atomistic simulations, allowing long-time phenomena to be studied with accessible computational resources. Many such methods rely on the identification of an…

Computational Physics · Physics 2022-06-08 Luigi Bonati , GiovanniMaria Piccini , Michele Parrinello

Importance sampling is a popular method for efficient computation of various properties of a distribution such as probabilities, expectations, quantiles etc. The output of an importance sampling algorithm can be represented as a weighted…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-04-18 Henrik Hult , Pierre Nyquist

We explore efficient estimation of statistical quantities, particularly rare event probabilities, for stochastic reaction networks. Consequently, we propose an importance sampling (IS) approach to improve the Monte Carlo (MC) estimator…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-03-12 Chiheb Ben Hammouda , Nadhir Ben Rached , Raúl Tempone , Sophia Wiechert

Improving Importance Sampling estimators for rare event probabilities requires sharp approx- imations of the optimal density leading to a nearly zero-variance estimator. This paper presents a new way to handle the estimation of the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2014-01-15 Virgile Caron

The goal of this paper is to develop provably efficient importance sampling Monte Carlo methods for the estimation of rare events within the class of linear stochastic partial differential equations (SPDEs). We find that if a spectral gap…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-05-05 Michael Salins , Konstantinos Spiliopoulos

We consider models for molecular sequence evolution in which the transition rates at each site depend on the local sequence context, giving rise to a time-inhomogeneous Markov process in which sites evolve under a complex dependency…

Computation · Statistics 2025-08-18 Joseph Mathews , Scott C. Schmidler

We propose a method for the accurate estimation of rare event or failure probabilities for expensive-to-evaluate numerical models in high dimensions. The proposed approach combines ideas from large deviation theory and adaptive importance…

Computation · Statistics 2023-03-28 Shanyin Tong , Georg Stadler