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Scaling inference for large language models (LLMs) is increasingly constrained by limited GPU memory, especially due to growing key-value (KV) caches required for long-context generation. While existing approaches offload KV caches to CPU…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Weishu Deng , Yujie Yang , Peiran Du , Lingfeng Xiang , Zhen Lin , Chen Zhong , Song Jiang , Hui Lu , Jia Rao

Processing long contexts remains a challenge for large language models (LLMs) due to the quadratic computational and memory overhead of the self-attention mechanism and the substantial KV cache sizes during generation. We propose LLoCO, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Sijun Tan , Xiuyu Li , Shishir Patil , Ziyang Wu , Tianjun Zhang , Kurt Keutzer , Joseph E. Gonzalez , Raluca Ada Popa

Modern Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly trained to support very large context windows. We present Compactor, a training-free, query-agnostic KV compression strategy that uses approximate leverage scores to determine token…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Vivek Chari , Benjamin Van Durme

Text classification algorithms investigate the intricate relationships between words or phrases and attempt to deduce the document's interpretation. In the last few years, these algorithms have progressed tremendously. Transformer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-28 Snehal Khandve , Vedangi Wagh , Apurva Wani , Isha Joshi , Raviraj Joshi

Language modeling (LM) for automatic speech recognition (ASR) does not usually incorporate utterance level contextual information. For some domains like voice assistants, however, additional context, such as the time at which an utterance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-04 Richard Diehl Martinez , Scott Novotney , Ivan Bulyko , Ariya Rastrow , Andreas Stolcke , Ankur Gandhe

Most approaches to long-context processing increase the complexity of the transformer's internal architecture by integrating mechanisms such as recurrence or auxiliary memory modules. In this work, we introduce an alternative approach that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Billy Dickson , Zoran Tiganj

In scene text detection, Transformer-based methods have addressed the global feature extraction limitations inherent in traditional convolution neural network-based methods. However, most directly rely on native Transformer attention layers…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Qiyan Zhao , Yue Yan , Da-Han Wang

Identifying multiple speakers without knowing where a speaker's voice is in a recording is a challenging task. This paper proposes a hierarchical network with transformer encoders and memory mechanism to address this problem. The proposed…

Sound · Computer Science 2020-11-02 Yanpei Shi , Mingjie Chen , Qiang Huang , Thomas Hain

Transformer models have achieved state-of-the-art results across a diverse range of domains. However, concern over the cost of training the attention mechanism to learn complex dependencies between distant inputs continues to grow. In…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed across edge and cloud platforms for real-time question-answering and retrieval-augmented generation. However, processing lengthy contexts in distributed systems incurs high…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Camille Couturier , Spyros Mastorakis , Haiying Shen , Saravan Rajmohan , Victor Rühle

This study proposes a text classification algorithm based on large language models, aiming to address the limitations of traditional methods in capturing long-range dependencies, understanding contextual semantics, and handling class…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Ning Lyu , Yuxi Wang , Feng Chen , Qingyuan Zhang

The attention mechanism within the transformer architecture enables the model to weigh and combine tokens based on their relevance to the query. While self-attention has enjoyed major success, it notably treats all queries $q$ in the same…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Xuechen Zhang , Xiangyu Chang , Mingchen Li , Amit Roy-Chowdhury , Jiasi Chen , Samet Oymak

Transformers have become central to natural language processing and large language models, but their deployment at scale faces three major challenges. First, the attention mechanism requires massive matrix multiplications and frequent…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Xiaoxuan Yang , Peilin Chen , Tergel Molom-Ochir , Yiran Chen

Over more than a decade there has been an extensive research effort on how to effectively utilize recurrent models and attention. While recurrent models aim to compress the data into a fixed-size memory (called hidden state), attention…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Ali Behrouz , Peilin Zhong , Vahab Mirrokni

Transformers have recently achieved state-of-the-art performance in speech separation. These models, however, are computationally demanding and require a lot of learnable parameters. This paper explores Transformer-based speech separation…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-17 Luca Della Libera , Cem Subakan , Mirco Ravanelli , Samuele Cornell , Frédéric Lepoutre , François Grondin

Semantic caching significantly reduces computational costs and improves efficiency by storing and reusing large language model (LLM) responses. However, existing systems rely primarily on matching individual queries, lacking awareness of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Jianxin Yan , Wangze Ni , Lei Chen , Xuemin Lin , Peng Cheng , Zhan Qin , Kui Ren

Remarkable advancements have been made recently in point cloud analysis through the exploration of transformer architecture, but it remains challenging to effectively learn local and global structures within point clouds. In this paper, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Haibo Qiu , Baosheng Yu , Dacheng Tao

The quadratic complexity and indefinitely growing key-value (KV) cache of standard Transformers pose a major barrier to long-context processing. To overcome this, we introduce the Collaborative Memory Transformer (CoMeT), a novel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Runsong Zhao , Shilei Liu , Jiwei Tang , Langming Liu , Haibin Chen , Weidong Zhang , Yujin Yuan , Tong Xiao , Jingbo Zhu , Wenbo Su , Bo Zheng

Deploying long-context large language models (LLMs) is essential but poses significant computational and memory challenges. Caching all Key and Value (KV) states across all attention heads consumes substantial memory. Existing KV cache…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Guangxuan Xiao , Jiaming Tang , Jingwei Zuo , Junxian Guo , Shang Yang , Haotian Tang , Yao Fu , Song Han

The standard content-based attention mechanism typically used in sequence-to-sequence models is computationally expensive as it requires the comparison of large encoder and decoder states at each time step. In this work, we propose an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-07-04 Denny Britz , Melody Y. Guan , Minh-Thang Luong