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Prompt engineering is crucial for achieving reliable and effective outputs from large language models (LLMs), but its design requires specialized knowledge of prompting techniques and a deep understanding of target tasks. To address this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Yohei Ikenoue , Hitomi Tashiro , Shigeru Kuroyanagi

Visual Generative AI models have demonstrated remarkable capability in generating high-quality images from user inputs like text prompts. However, because these models have billions of parameters, they risk memorizing certain parts of the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Lena Reissinger , Yuanyuan Li , Anna-Carolina Haensch , Neeraj Sarna

As AI tools such as ChatGPT enter programming classrooms, students encounter differing rules across courses and instructors, which shape how they use AI and leave them with unequal capabilities for leveraging it. We investigate how students…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Tianyu Shao , Miguel Feijóo-García , Yi Zhang , Hugo Castellanos , Tawfiq Salem , Alejandra Magana , Tianyi Li

With AI-generated content becoming ubiquitous across the web, social media, and other digital platforms, it is vital to examine how such content are inspired and generated. The creation of AI-generated images often involves refining the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Khoi Trinh , Scott Seidenberger , Raveen Wijewickrama , Murtuza Jadliwala , Anindya Maiti

Generative AI tools, such as AI-generated hints, are increasingly integrated into programming education to offer timely, personalized support. However, little is known about how to effectively leverage these hints while ensuring autonomous…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Heeryung Choi , Tung Phung , Mengyan Wu , Adish Singla , Christopher Brooks

Recent advances in Machine-Learning have led to the development of models that generate images based on a text description.Such large prompt-based text to image models (TTIs), trained on a considerable amount of data, allow the creation of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-03-23 Chinmay Kulkarni , Stefania Druga , Minsuk Chang , Alex Fiannaca , Carrie Cai , Michael Terry

Prompt-induced cognitive biases are changes in a general-purpose AI (GPAI) system's decisions caused solely by biased wording in the input (e.g., framing, anchors), not task logic. In software engineering (SE) decision support (where…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Francesco Sovrano , Gabriele Dominici , Alberto Bacchelli

Creativity is a valuable human skill that has long been augmented through both analog and digital tools. Recent progress in generative AI, such as image generation, provides a disruptive technological solution to supporting human creativity…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Daniel Hove Paludan , Julie Fredsgård , Kasper Patrick Bährentz , Ilhan Aslan , Niels van Berkel

Large language models (LLMs) and prompt engineering hold significant potential for advancing computer programming education through personalized instruction. This paper explores this potential by investigating three critical research…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Tianyu Wang , Nianjun Zhou , Zhixiong Chen

Prior research shows that how students engage with Large Language Models (LLMs) influences their problem-solving and understanding, reinforcing the need to support productive LLM-uses that promote learning. This study evaluates the impact…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Jerome Brender , Laila El-Hamamsy , Kim Uittenhove , Francesco Mondada , Engin Bumbacher

When designing a program, both novice programmers and seasoned developers alike often sketch out -- or, perhaps more famously, whiteboard -- their ideas. Yet despite the introduction of natively multimodal Generative AI models, work on…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-12 David H. Smith , S. Moonwara A. Monisha , Annapurna Vadaparty , Leo Porter , Daniel Zingaro

The growing use of Generative AI (GenAI) conversational search tools has raised concerns about their effects on people's metacognitive engagement, critical thinking, and learning. As people increasingly rely on GenAI to perform tasks such…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Anjali Singh , Zhitong Guan , Soo Young Rieh

Despite recent progress in text-to-image (T2I) generation, existing models often struggle to faithfully capture user intentions from short and under-specified prompts. While prior work has attempted to enhance prompts using large language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Mingrui Wu , Lu Wang , Pu Zhao , Fangkai Yang , Jianjin Zhang , Jianfeng Liu , Yuefeng Zhan , Weihao Han , Hao Sun , Jiayi Ji , Xiaoshuai Sun , Qingwei Lin , Weiwei Deng , Dongmei Zhang , Feng Sun , Qi Zhang , Rongrong Ji

Large-scale "pre-train and prompt learning" paradigms have demonstrated remarkable adaptability, enabling broad applications across diverse domains such as question answering, image recognition, and multimodal retrieval. This approach fully…

Text-to-image generative models are a new and powerful way to generate visual artwork. However, the open-ended nature of text as interaction is double-edged; while users can input anything and have access to an infinite range of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-09-29 Vivian Liu , Lydia B. Chilton

Large language model performance can be improved in a large number of ways. Many such techniques, like fine-tuning or advanced tool usage, are time-intensive and expensive. Although prompt engineering is significantly cheaper and often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Philipp Schoenegger , Cameron R. Jones , Philip E. Tetlock , Barbara Mellers

In the rapidly evolving landscape of artificial intelligence, ChatGPT has been widely used in various applications. The new feature - customization of ChatGPT models by users to cater to specific needs has opened new frontiers in AI…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Jiahao Yu , Yuhang Wu , Dong Shu , Mingyu Jin , Sabrina Yang , Xinyu Xing

Generative AI (GAI) tools have seen rapid adoption in educational settings, yet their role in fostering critical thinking remains underexplored. While previous studies have examined GAI as a tutor for specific lessons or as a tool for…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-10 W. F. Lamberti , S. R. Lawrence , D. White , S. Kim , S. Abdullah

This study explores how graduate students in an urban planning program transitioned from passive users of generative AI to active creators of custom GPT-based knowledge tools. Drawing on Self-Determination Theory (SDT), which emphasizes the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Qian Huang , Nachamma Sockalingam , Thijs Willems , King Wang Poon

Background: In times when the ability to program is becoming increasingly important, it is still difficult to teach students to become successful programmers. One remarkable aspect are recent findings from neuro-imaging studies, which…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Elisa Madeleine Hartmann , Annabelle Bergum , Dominik Gorgosch , Norman Peitek , Sven Apel , Janet Siegmund