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User prompts for generative AI models are often underspecified, leading to a misalignment between the user intent and models' understanding. As a result, users commonly have to painstakingly refine their prompts. We study this alignment…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Meera Hahn , Wenjun Zeng , Nithish Kannen , Rich Galt , Kartikeya Badola , Been Kim , Zi Wang

Effectively retrieving, reasoning, and understanding multimodal information remains a critical challenge for agentic systems. Traditional Retrieval-augmented Generation (RAG) methods rely on linear interaction histories, which struggle to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Qiuchen Wang , Shihang Wang , Yu Zeng , Qiang Zhang , Fanrui Zhang , Zhuoning Guo , Bosi Zhang , Wenxuan Huang , Lin Chen , Zehui Chen , Pengjun Xie , Ruixue Ding

Recent progress in generative models has stimulated significant innovations in many fields, such as image generation and chatbots. Despite their success, these models often produce sketchy and misleading solutions for complex multi-agent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Zeyang Liu , Xinrui Yang , Shiguang Sun , Long Qian , Lipeng Wan , Xingyu Chen , Xuguang Lan

Visual question answering requires a deep understanding of both images and natural language. However, most methods mainly focus on visual concept; such as the relationships between various objects. The limited use of object categories…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-01-25 Jung-Jun Kim , Dong-Gyu Lee , Jialin Wu , Hong-Gyu Jung , Seong-Whan Lee

Graphical User Interface (GUI) Agents powered by Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) show significant potential for automating tasks. However, they often struggle with long-horizon tasks, leading to frequent failures. Process Reward…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Tao Xiong , Xavier Hu , Yurun Chen , Yuhang Liu , Changqiao Wu , Pengzhi Gao , Wei Liu , Jian Luan , Shengyu Zhang

Text-to-image generation models have grown in popularity due to their ability to produce high-quality images from a text prompt. One use for this technology is to enable the creation of more accessible art creation software. In this paper,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Atieh Taheri , Mohammad Izadi , Gururaj Shriram , Negar Rostamzadeh , Shaun Kane

Graphical User Interface (GUI) is ubiquitous in almost all modern desktop software, mobile applications, and online websites. A good GUI design is crucial to the success of the software in the market, but designing a good GUI which requires…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-02-02 Tianming Zhao , Chunyang Chen , Yuanning Liu , Xiaodong Zhu

The notable gap between user-provided and model-preferred prompts poses a significant challenge for generating high-quality images with text-to-image models, compelling the need for prompt engineering. Current studies on prompt engineering…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Shiyu Wu , Mingzhen Sun , Weining Wang , Yequan Wang , Jing Liu

Conversational generative vision models (CGVMs) like Visual ChatGPT (Wu et al., 2023) have recently emerged from the synthesis of computer vision and natural language processing techniques. These models enable more natural and interactive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Narjes Nikzad Khasmakhi , Meysam Asgari-Chenaghlu , Nabiha Asghar , Philipp Schaer , Dietlind Zühlke

Evaluating the surroundings to gain understanding, frame perspectives, and anticipate behavioral reactions is an inherent human trait. However, these continuous encounters are diverse and complex, posing challenges to their study and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Deepank Verma , Olaf Mumm , Vanessa Miriam Carlow

Computer-Use Agents (CUA) are becoming increasingly capable of autonomously operating digital environments through Graphical User Interfaces (GUI). Yet, most GUI remain designed primarily for humans--prioritizing aesthetics and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Kevin Qinghong Lin , Siyuan Hu , Linjie Li , Zhengyuan Yang , Lijuan Wang , Philip Torr , Mike Zheng Shou

Text-to-image generation models are powerful but difficult to use. Users craft specific prompts to get better images, though the images can be repetitive. This paper proposes a Prompt Expansion framework that helps users generate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Siddhartha Datta , Alexander Ku , Deepak Ramachandran , Peter Anderson

Crafting a rich and unique environment is crucial for fictional world-building, but can be difficult to achieve since illustrating a world from scratch requires time and significant skill. We investigate the use of recent multi-modal image…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-08-28 Hai Dang , Frederik Brudy , George Fitzmaurice , Fraser Anderson

The rapid development of large language and multimodal models has sparked significant interest in using proprietary models, such as GPT-4o, to develop autonomous agents capable of handling real-world scenarios like web navigation. Although…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Hongliang He , Wenlin Yao , Kaixin Ma , Wenhao Yu , Hongming Zhang , Tianqing Fang , Zhenzhong Lan , Dong Yu

In this paper, we investigate the problem of embodied multi-agent cooperation, where decentralized agents must cooperate given only egocentric views of the world. To effectively plan in this setting, in contrast to learning world dynamics…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Hongxin Zhang , Zeyuan Wang , Qiushi Lyu , Zheyuan Zhang , Sunli Chen , Tianmin Shu , Behzad Dariush , Kwonjoon Lee , Yilun Du , Chuang Gan

Visual imitation learning enables robotic agents to acquire skills by observing expert demonstration videos. In the one-shot setting, the agent generates a policy after observing a single expert demonstration without additional fine-tuning.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Raktim Gautam Goswami , Prashanth Krishnamurthy , Yann LeCun , Farshad Khorrami

Reasoning models have recently shown remarkable progress in domains such as math and coding. However, their expert-level abilities in math and coding contrast sharply with their performance in long-horizon, interactive tasks such as web…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Xiao Yu , Baolin Peng , Michel Galley , Hao Cheng , Qianhui Wu , Janardhan Kulkarni , Suman Nath , Zhou Yu , Jianfeng Gao

Large-scale Text-to-Video (T2V) diffusion models have recently demonstrated unprecedented capability to transform natural language descriptions into stunning and photorealistic videos. Despite the promising results, a significant challenge…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Xingyi Yang , Xinchao Wang

Generative models are increasingly powerful, yet users struggle to guide them through prompts. The generative process is difficult to control and unpredictable, and user instructions may be ambiguous or under-specified. Prior prompt…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Zhipeng Li , Yi-Chi Liao , Christian Holz

Recent approaches have demonstrated the promise of using diffusion models to generate interactive and explorable worlds. However, most of these methods face critical challenges such as excessively large parameter sizes, reliance on lengthy…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Xiaofeng Mao , Zhen Li , Chuanhao Li , Xiaojie Xu , Kaining Ying , Tong He , Jiangmiao Pang , Yu Qiao , Kaipeng Zhang