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Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) represent a breakthrough in AI problem-solving capabilities, but their effectiveness in interactive environments can be limited. This paper introduces and analyzes overthinking in LRMs. A phenomenon where…

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs), such as OpenAI o1 and DeepSeek-R1, have been rapidly progressing and achieving breakthrough performance on complex reasoning tasks such as mathematics and coding. However, the open-source R1 models have raised…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Yichi Zhang , Zihao Zeng , Dongbai Li , Yao Huang , Zhijie Deng , Yinpeng Dong

Recent advances of reasoning models, exemplified by OpenAI's o1 and DeepSeek's R1, highlight the significant potential of Reinforcement Learning (RL) to enhance the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). However,…

Thinking LLMs solve complex tasks at the expense of increased compute and overthinking on simpler problems, while non-thinking LLMs are faster and cheaper but underthink on harder reasoning problems. This has led to the development of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Pranjal Aggarwal , Seungone Kim , Jack Lanchantin , Sean Welleck , Jason Weston , Ilia Kulikov , Swarnadeep Saha

Reinforcement learning scaling enhances the reasoning capabilities of large language models, with reinforcement learning serving as the key technique to draw out complex reasoning. However, key technical details of state-of-the-art…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Xinhan Di , JoyJiaoW

Large language models (LLMs) with reasoning capabilities have fueled a compelling narrative that reasoning universally improves performance across language tasks. We test this claim through a comprehensive evaluation of 504 configurations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Donghao Huang , Zhaoxia Wang

Reinforcement learning (RL) for large language models is an energy-intensive endeavor: training can be unstable, and the policy may gradually drift away from its pretrained weights. We present \emph{RLEP}\, -- \,Reinforcement Learning with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Hongzhi Zhang , Jia Fu , Jingyuan Zhang , Kai Fu , Qi Wang , Fuzheng Zhang , Guorui Zhou

Language models trained to solve reasoning tasks via reinforcement learning have achieved striking results. We refer to these models as reasoning models. Are the Chains of Thought (CoTs) of reasoning models more faithful than traditional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-16 James Chua , Owain Evans

We present Apriel-1.5-15B-Thinker, a 15-billion parameter open-weights multimodal reasoning model that achieves frontier-level performance through training design rather than sheer scale. Starting from Pixtral-12B, we apply a progressive…

Large language models (LLMs) have made remarkable strides in complex reasoning tasks, but their safety and robustness in reasoning processes remain underexplored. Existing attacks on LLM reasoning are constrained by specific settings or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Jingyu Peng , Maolin Wang , Xiangyu Zhao , Kai Zhang , Wanyu Wang , Pengyue Jia , Qidong Liu , Ruocheng Guo , Qi Liu

Large language models (LLMs) inevitably make mistakes when performing step-by-step mathematical reasoning. Process Reward Models (PRMs) have emerged as a promising solution by evaluating each reasoning step. However, existing PRMs typically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Shuaijie She , Junxiao Liu , Yifeng Liu , Jiajun Chen , Xin Huang , Shujian Huang

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable progress in reasoning abilities and general natural language processing (NLP) tasks, yet their performance on Arabic data, characterized by rich morphology, diverse dialects, and complex…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Ahmed Hasanaath , Aisha Alansari , Ahmed Ashraf , Chafik Salmane , Hamzah Luqman , Saad Ezzini

Large language models (LLMs) have shown significant general language understanding abilities. However, there has been a scarcity of attempts to assess the logical reasoning capacities of these LLMs, an essential facet of natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Hanmeng liu , Zhiyang Teng , Ruoxi Ning , Yiran Ding , Xiulai Li , Xiaozhang Liu , Yue Zhang

Test-time scaling has emerged as an effective approach for improving language model performance by utilizing additional compute at inference time. Recent studies have shown that overriding end-of-thinking tokens (e.g., replacing "</think>"…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Liran Ringel , Elad Tolochinsky , Yaniv Romano

Test-time compute scaling is a primary axis for improving LLM reasoning. Existing methods primarily scale depth by extending a single reasoning trace. Scaling breadth by sampling multiple candidates in parallel is straightforward, but…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Shang Zhou , Wenhao Chai , Kaiyuan Liu , Huanzhi Mao , Qiuyang Mang , Jingbo Shang

Large language models (LLMs) can perform reasoning computations both internally within their latent space and externally by generating explicit token sequences like chains of thought. Significant progress in enhancing reasoning abilities…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Thilo Hagendorff , Sarah Fabi

Large language models (LLMs) have exhibited impressive reasoning abilities on a wide range of complex tasks. However, enhancing these capabilities through post-training remains resource intensive, particularly in terms of data and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Shuo Cai , Su Lu , Qi Zhou , Kejing Yang , Zhijie Sang , Congkai Xie , Hongxia Yang

Recent studies on reasoning models explore the meta-awareness of language models, the ability to know how to think by itself. We argue that large reasoning models lack this meta-awareness property by proving severe misalignment between true…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Yoonjeon Kim , Doohyuk Jang , Eunho Yang

This study investigates the performance of the DeepSeek R1 language model on 30 challenging mathematical problems derived from the MATH dataset, problems that previously proved unsolvable by other models under time constraints. Unlike prior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-31 Evgenii Evstafev

In AI-powered e-commerce livestreaming, digital avatars require real-time responses to drive engagement, a task for which high-latency Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) are ill-suited. We introduce LiveThinking, a practical two-stage…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Yuhan Sun , Zhiwei Huang , Wanqing Cui , Shaopan Xiong , Yazhi Guo , Meiguang Jin , Junfeng Ma