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Thematic analysis (TA) has been widely used for analyzing qualitative data in many disciplines and fields. To ensure reliable analysis, the same piece of data is typically assigned to at least two human coders. Moreover, to produce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Shih-Chieh Dai , Aiping Xiong , Lun-Wei Ku

Thematic analysis (TA) is a widely used qualitative approach for uncovering latent meanings in unstructured text data. TA provides valuable insights in healthcare but is resource-intensive. Large Language Models (LLMs) have been introduced…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Huimin Xu , Seungjun Yi , Terence Lim , Jiawei Xu , Andrew Well , Carlos Mery , Aidong Zhang , Yuji Zhang , Heng Ji , Keshav Pingali , Yan Leng , Ying Ding

As artificial intelligence advances, large language models (LLMs) are entering qualitative research workflows, yet no reproducible methods exist for integrating them into established approaches like thematic analysis (TA), one of the most…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Cristina Martinez Montes , Robert Feldt , Cristina Miguel Martos , Sofia Ouhbi , Shweta Premanandan , Daniel Graziotin

This paper proposes a test to perform Thematic Analysis (TA) with Large Language Model (LLM) on data which is in a different language than English. While there has been initial promising work on using pre-trained LLMs for TA on data in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-15 Stefano De Paoli

In the dynamic field of artificial intelligence (AI), the development and application of Large Language Models (LLMs) for text analysis are of significant academic interest. Despite the promising capabilities of various LLMs in conducting…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-08-26 Petre Breazu , Miriam Schirmer , Songbo Hu , Napoleon Katsos

This guide introduces Large Language Models (LLM) as a highly versatile text analysis method within the social sciences. As LLMs are easy-to-use, cheap, fast, and applicable on a broad range of text analysis tasks, ranging from text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-26 Petter Törnberg

Thematic Analysis (TA) is a fundamental method in healthcare research for analyzing transcript data, but it is resource-intensive and difficult to scale for large, complex datasets. This study investigates the potential of large language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Muhammad Zain Raza , Jiawei Xu , Terence Lim , Lily Boddy , Carlos M. Mery , Andrew Well , Ying Ding

Topic modeling has been a widely used tool for unsupervised text analysis. However, comprehensive evaluations of a topic model remain challenging. Existing evaluation methods are either less comparable across different models (e.g.,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Xiaohao Yang , He Zhao , Dinh Phung , Wray Buntine , Lan Du

[Context] Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used to assist qualitative research in Software Engineering (SE), yet the methodological implications of this usage remain underexplored. Their integration into interpretive processes…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Tatiane Ornelas , Allysson Allex Araújo , Júlia Araújo , Marina Araújo , Bianca Trinkenreich , Marcos Kalinowski

Thematic analysis (TA) is widely used in health research to extract patterns from patient interviews, yet manual TA faces challenges in scalability and reproducibility. LLM-based automation can help, but existing approaches produce…

The exponential growth of digital content has generated massive textual datasets, necessitating the use of advanced analytical approaches. Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as tools that are capable of processing and extracting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Benjamin M. Ampel , Chi-Heng Yang , James Hu , Hsinchun Chen

Congenital heart disease (CHD) presents complex, lifelong challenges often underrepresented in traditional clinical metrics. While unstructured narratives offer rich insights into patient and caregiver experiences, manual thematic analysis…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Seungjun Yi , Joakim Nguyen , Huimin Xu , Terence Lim , Andrew Well , Mia Markey , Ying Ding

The use of large language models (LLMs) for qualitative analysis is gaining attention in various fields, including software engineering, where qualitative methods are essential for understanding human and social factors. This study aimed to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Matheus de Morais Leça , Lucas Valença , Reydne Santos , Ronnie de Souza Santos

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into social science research presents transformative opportunities for advancing scientific inquiry, particularly in public administration (PA). However, the absence of standardized…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Michael Overton , Barrie Robison , Lucas Sheneman

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized human-AI interaction by enabling intuitive task execution through natural language prompts. Despite their potential, designing effective prompts remains a significant challenge, as small…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Yuetian Mao , Junjie He , Chunyang Chen

While many researchers use Large Language Models (LLMs) through chat-based access, their real potential lies in leveraging LLMs via application programming interfaces (APIs). This paper conceptualizes LLMs as universal text processing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Ivan Zupic

Topic modelling, as a well-established unsupervised technique, has found extensive use in automatically detecting significant topics within a corpus of documents. However, classic topic modelling approaches (e.g., LDA) have certain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Yida Mu , Chun Dong , Kalina Bontcheva , Xingyi Song

Thematic analysis and other variants of inductive coding are widely used qualitative analytic methods within empirical legal studies (ELS). We propose a novel framework facilitating effective collaboration of a legal expert with a large…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Jakub Drápal , Hannes Westermann , Jaromir Savelka

The goal of this paper is establishing if we can satisfactorily perform a Thematic Analysis (TA) of semi-structured interviews using a Large Language Model (more precisely GPT3.5-Turbo). Building on previous work by the author, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Stefano De Paoli

The exponential growth of text-based data in domains such as healthcare, education, and social sciences has outpaced the capacity of traditional qualitative analysis methods, which are time-intensive and prone to subjectivity. Large…

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