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Large-scale language models (LLMs) often offer clinical judgments based on incomplete information, increasing the risk of misdiagnosis. Existing studies have primarily evaluated confidence in single-turn, static settings, overlooking the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Zhiyao Ren , Yibing Zhan , Siyuan Liang , Guozheng Ma , Baosheng Yu , Dacheng Tao

The development of open-source, multilingual medical language models can benefit a wide, linguistically diverse audience from different regions. To promote this domain, we present contributions from the following: First, we construct a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Pengcheng Qiu , Chaoyi Wu , Xiaoman Zhang , Weixiong Lin , Haicheng Wang , Ya Zhang , Yanfeng Wang , Weidi Xie

Multimodal large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to generate dermatology diagnostic narratives directly from images. However, reliable evaluation remains the primary bottleneck for responsible clinical deployment. We introduce…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Yuhao Shen , Jiahe Qian , Shuping Zhang , Zhangtianyi Chen , Tao Lu , Juexiao Zhou

Large language models (LLMs) enabled dialogue systems have become one of the central modes in human-machine interaction, which bring about vast amounts of conversation logs and increasing demand for dialogue generation. The dialogue's…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Minzheng Wang , Xinghua Zhang , Kun Chen , Nan Xu , Haiyang Yu , Fei Huang , Wenji Mao , Yongbin Li

The development of large language models (LLMs) has brought unprecedented possibilities for artificial intelligence (AI) based medical diagnosis. However, the application perspective of LLMs in real diagnostic scenarios is still unclear…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Zhoujian Sun , Cheng Luo , Ziyi Liu , Zhengxing Huang

Recent advancements in dialogue systems have highlighted the significance of integrating multimodal responses, which enable conveying ideas through diverse modalities rather than solely relying on text-based interactions. This enrichment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Chang-Sheng Kao , Yun-Nung Chen

Medical question answering (QA) benchmarks often focus on multiple-choice or fact-based tasks, leaving open-ended answers to real patient questions underexplored. This gap is particularly critical in mental health, where patient questions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Yahan Li , Jifan Yao , John Bosco S. Bunyi , Adam C. Frank , Angel Hsing-Chi Hwang , Ruishan Liu

Medical Large Vision-Language Models (Med-LVLMs) have shown strong potential in multimodal diagnostic tasks. However, existing single-agent models struggle to generalize across diverse medical specialties, limiting their performance. Recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Peng Xia , Jinglu Wang , Yibo Peng , Kaide Zeng , Zihan Dong , Xian Wu , Xiangru Tang , Hongtu Zhu , Yun Li , Linjun Zhang , Shujie Liu , Yan Lu , Huaxiu Yao

We present a framework for training large language models (LLMs) as diagnostic agents with reinforcement learning, enabling them to manage multi-turn interactive diagnostic processes, adaptively select examinations, and commit to final…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Pengcheng Qiu , Chaoyi Wu , Junwei Liu , Qiaoyu Zheng , Yusheng Liao , Haowen Wang , Yun Yue , Qianrui Fan , Shuai Zhen , Jian Wang , Jinjie Gu , Yanfeng Wang , Ya Zhang , Weidi Xie

The Large Visual-Language Models (LVLMs) have significantly advanced image understanding. Their comprehension and reasoning capabilities enable promising applications in autonomous driving scenarios. However, existing research typically…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Zongchuang Zhao , Haoyu Fu , Dingkang Liang , Xin Zhou , Dingyuan Zhang , Hongwei Xie , Bing Wang , Xiang Bai

The prevalence of vision-threatening eye diseases is a significant global burden, with many cases remaining undiagnosed or diagnosed too late for effective treatment. Large vision-language models (LVLMs) have the potential to assist in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Zhenyue Qin , Yu Yin , Dylan Campbell , Xuansheng Wu , Ke Zou , Yih-Chung Tham , Ninghao Liu , Xiuzhen Zhang , Qingyu Chen

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) are expected to jointly interpret vision, audio, and language, yet existing video benchmarks rarely assess fine-grained reasoning about human speech. Many tasks remain visually solvable or only…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Le Thien Phuc Nguyen , Zhuoran Yu , Samuel Low Yu Hang , Subin An , Jeongik Lee , Yohan Ban , SeungEun Chung , Thanh-Huy Nguyen , JuWan Maeng , Soochahn Lee , Yong Jae Lee

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown great potential in perception and interpretation tasks, but their capabilities in predictive reasoning remain under-explored. To address this gap, we introduce a novel benchmark that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Mingwei Zhu , Leigang Sha , Yu Shu , Kangjia Zhao , Tiancheng Zhao , Jianwei Yin

As Large Language Models (LLMs) transition from static tools to autonomous agents, traditional evaluation benchmarks that measure performance on downstream tasks are becoming insufficient. These methods fail to capture the emergent social…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Zarreen Reza

There are currently two main paradigms for evaluating large language models (LLMs), reference-based evaluation and preference-based evaluation. The first, carried over from the evaluation of machine learning models in general, relies on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-27 David Schlangen , Sherzod Hakimov , Chalamalasetti Kranti , Jonathan Jordan , Philipp Sadler

Traditionally, AI research in medical diagnosis has largely centered on image analysis. While this has led to notable advancements, the absence of patient-reported symptoms continues to hinder diagnostic accuracy. To address this, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-19 K Lokesh , Abhirama Subramanyam Penamakuri , Uday Agarwal , Apoorva Challa , Shreya K Gowda , Somesh Gupta , Anand Mishra

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) show significant strides in general-purpose multimodal applications such as visual dialogue and embodied navigation. However, existing multimodal evaluation benchmarks cover a limited number of…

The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) has drastically enhanced dialogue systems. However, comprehensively evaluating the dialogue abilities of LLMs remains a challenge. Previous benchmarks have primarily focused on single-turn…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Ge Bai , Jie Liu , Xingyuan Bu , Yancheng He , Jiaheng Liu , Zhanhui Zhou , Zhuoran Lin , Wenbo Su , Tiezheng Ge , Bo Zheng , Wanli Ouyang

Generating natural and meaningful responses to communicate with multi-modal human inputs is a fundamental capability of Large Vision-Language Models(LVLMs). While current open-source LVLMs demonstrate promising performance in simplified…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Ziyu Liu , Tao Chu , Yuhang Zang , Xilin Wei , Xiaoyi Dong , Pan Zhang , Zijian Liang , Yuanjun Xiong , Yu Qiao , Dahua Lin , Jiaqi Wang

Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs) have shown strong capabilities in understanding and analyzing visual scenes across various domains. However, in the context of autonomous driving, their limited comprehension of 3D environments restricts…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Jannik Lübberstedt , Esteban Rivera , Nico Uhlemann , Markus Lienkamp