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Instruction tuning, a specialized technique to enhance large language model (LLM) performance via instruction datasets, relies heavily on the quality of employed data. Existing quality improvement methods alter instruction data through…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Yang Xu , Yongqiang Yao , Yufan Huang , Mengnan Qi , Maoquan Wang , Bin Gu , Neel Sundaresan

Finetuning large language models on instruction data is crucial for enhancing pre-trained knowledge and improving instruction-following capabilities. As instruction datasets proliferate, selecting optimal data for effective training becomes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Simon Yu , Liangyu Chen , Sara Ahmadian , Marzieh Fadaee

Instruction tuning is crucial for aligning Large Language Models (LLMs), yet the quality of instruction-following data varies significantly. While high-quality data is paramount, it is often scarce; conversely, abundant low-quality data is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Zhijie Deng , Zhouan Shen , Ling Li , Yao Zhou , Zhaowei Zhu , Yanji He , Wei Wang , Jiaheng Wei

Enhancing the instruction-following ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) primarily demands substantial instruction-tuning datasets. However, the sheer volume of these imposes a considerable computational burden and annotation cost. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Shengguang Wu , Keming Lu , Benfeng Xu , Junyang Lin , Qi Su , Chang Zhou

Instruction tuning is a standard technique employed to align large language models to end tasks and user preferences after the initial pretraining phase. Recent research indicates the critical role of data engineering in instruction tuning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Wei Liu , Weihao Zeng , Keqing He , Yong Jiang , Junxian He

Visual instruction datasets from various distributors are released at different times and often contain a significant number of semantically redundant text-image pairs, depending on their task compositions (i.e., skills) or reference…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Adyasha Maharana , Jaehong Yoon , Tianlong Chen , Mohit Bansal

Instruction tuning has emerged as a critical paradigm for improving the capabilities and alignment of large language models (LLMs). However, existing iterative model-aware data selection methods incur significant computational overhead, as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Xiaotian Lin , Yanlin Qi , Yizhang Zhu , Themis Palpanas , Chengliang Chai , Nan Tang , Yuyu Luo

As numerous instruction-tuning datasets continue to emerge during the post-training stage, dynamically balancing and optimizing their mixtures has become a critical challenge. To address this, we propose DynamixSFT, a dynamic and automated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Haebin Shin , Lei Ji , Xiao Liu , Zhiwei Yu , Qi Chen , Yeyun Gong

As large language models (LLMs) continue to advance, instruction tuning has become critical for improving their ability to generate accurate and contextually appropriate responses. Although numerous instruction-tuning datasets have been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Jielin Song , Siyu Liu , Bin Zhu , Yanghui Rao

Targeted data selection has emerged as a crucial paradigm for efficient instruction tuning, aiming to identify a small yet influential subset of training examples for a specific target task. In practice, influence is often measured through…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Guanghui Min , Tianhao Huang , Ke Wan , Chen Chen

Instruction tuning is essential for Large Language Models (LLMs) to effectively follow user instructions. To improve training efficiency and reduce data redundancy, recent works use LLM-based scoring functions, e.g., Instruction-Following…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Yanjun Fu , Faisal Hamman , Sanghamitra Dutta

Visual instruction tuning (VIT) has emerged as a crucial technique for enabling multi-modal large language models (MLLMs) to follow user instructions adeptly. Yet, a significant gap persists in understanding the attributes of high-quality…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Yiwei Ma , Guohai Xu , Xiaoshuai Sun , Jiayi Ji , Jie Lou , Debing Zhang , Rongrong Ji

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable abilities in general scenarios. Instruction finetuning empowers them to align with humans in various tasks. Nevertheless, the Diversity and Quality of the instruction data remain two…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Xingyuan Pan , Luyang Huang , Liyan Kang , Zhicheng Liu , Yu Lu , Shanbo Cheng

We aim to select data subsets for the fine-tuning of large language models to more effectively follow instructions. Prior work has emphasized the importance of diversity in dataset curation but relied on heuristics such as the number of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Peiqi Wang , Yikang Shen , Zhen Guo , Matthew Stallone , Yoon Kim , Polina Golland , Rameswar Panda

Leveraging multiple training datasets to scale up image segmentation models is beneficial for increasing robustness and semantic understanding. Individual datasets have well-defined ground truth with non-overlapping mask layouts and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Qilong Zhangli , Di Liu , Abhishek Aich , Dimitris Metaxas , Samuel Schulter

Semantic segmentation datasets often exhibit two types of imbalance: \textit{class imbalance}, where some classes appear more frequently than others and \textit{size imbalance}, where some objects occupy more pixels than others. This causes…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Zifu Wang , Maxim Berman , Amal Rannen-Triki , Philip H. S. Torr , Devis Tuia , Tinne Tuytelaars , Luc Van Gool , Jiaqian Yu , Matthew B. Blaschko

Instruction tuning is a crucial technique for aligning language models with humans' actual goals in the real world. Extensive research has highlighted the quality of instruction data is essential for the success of this alignment. However,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Chenglin Li , Qianglong Chen , Zhi Li , Feng Tao , Yicheng Li , Hao Chen , Fei Yu , Yin Zhang

Instruction Fine-Tuning (IFT) is crucial for aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences, and selecting a small yet representative subset from massive data significantly facilitates IFT in terms of both efficiency and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Xixiang He , Hao Yu , Qiyao Sun , Ao Cheng , Tailai Zhang , Cong Liu , Shuxuan Guo

Multilingual instruction fine-tuning (IFT) empowers large language models to generalize across diverse linguistic and cultural contexts; however, high-quality, systematically curated multilingual IFT datasets remain scarce. To address this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Chunguang Zhao , Yilun Liu , Pufan Zeng , Yuanchang Luo , Shimin Tao , Minggui He , Weibin Meng , Song Xu , Chen Liu , Hongxia Ma , Li Zhang , Boxing Chen , Daimeng Wei

Large Language Models improve with increasing amounts of high-quality training data. However, leveraging larger datasets requires balancing quality, quantity, and diversity across sources. After evaluating nine baseline methods under both…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-27 William Held , Bhargavi Paranjape , Punit Singh Koura , Mike Lewis , Frank Zhang , Todor Mihaylov
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