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Current generative AI systems are increasingly effective at processing explicit knowledge, including retrieving information, summarising documents, generating explanations, and supporting codified workflows. However, high-level expertise…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Annie Yuan

We introduce Interactionalism as a new set of guiding principles and heuristics for the design and architecture of learning now available due to Generative AI (GenAI) platforms. Specifically, we articulate interactional intelligence as a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Mihnea C. Moldoveanu , George Siemens

Large Language Models (LLMs) are being integrated into professional domains, yet their limitations in such high-stakes fields as law remain poorly understood. In response, this paper introduces examples of critical challenges to the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Eljas Linna , Tuula Linna

Recent advancements in generative artificial intelligence (generative AI) technologies have transformed the computer science discipline of natural language processing. However, generative AI retains the anthropomorphic model of simulating…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Dejan Grba , Vladimir Todorović

Generative AI, the most popular current approach to AI, consists of large language models (LLMs) that are trained to produce outputs that are plausible, but not necessarily correct. Although their abilities are often uncanny, they are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-10 Doug Lenat , Gary Marcus

This article explores the potential of generative AI (GenAI) to support actuarial practice through four implemented case studies. It situates these case studies within the broader evolution of artificial intelligence in actuarial science,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Simon Hatzesberger , Iris Nonneman

The emergence of generative AI has accelerated the development of conversational tutoring systems that interact with students through natural language dialogue. Unlike prior intelligent tutoring systems (ITS), which largely function as…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Kirk Vanacore , Ryan S. Baker , Avery H. Closser , Jeremy Roschelle

This paper describes principles and practices of knowledge engineering that enable the development of holistic language-endowed intelligent agents that can function across domains and applications, as well as expand their ontological and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-02-03 Marjorie McShane , Jesse English , Sergei Nirenburg

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized AI systems by enabling communication with machines using natural language. Recent developments in Generative AI (GenAI) like Vision-Language Models (GPT-4V) and Gemini have shown great…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Jakub M. Tomczak

The field of Artificial Intelligence is undergoing a transition from Generative AI -- probabilistic generation of text and images -- to Agentic AI, in which autonomous systems execute actions within external environments on behalf of users.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Sheng Cao , Zhao Chang , Chang Li , Hannan Li , Liyao Fu , Ji Tang

This paper proposes that Artificial Intelligence (AI) progresses through several overlapping generations: AI 1.0 (Information AI), AI 2.0 (Agentic AI), AI 3.0 (Physical AI), and now a speculative AI 4.0 (Conscious AI). Each of these AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Jiahao Wu , Hengxu You , Jing Du

The continuing, explosive developments in generative artificial intelligence (GenAI), built on large language models and related algorithms, has led to much excitement and speculation about the potential impact of this new technology.…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Veda C. Storey , Wei Thoo Yue , J. Leon Zhao , Roman Lukyanenko

Throughout the modern era, when new technologies displaced workers, societies adapted through the same mechanism: education raised the cognitive ceiling, producing workers capable of tasks machines could not yet reach. Generative AI may be…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Aysa Xuemo Fan

Agentic AI systems - systems that can pursue goals through multi-step planning and tool-mediated action with limited direct supervision - are moving from experimental prototypes to enterprise deployments. This transition introduces tensions…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Nelly Dux , Cristina Alaimo , Philippe Roussiere , Abhishek Kumar Mishra

Generative AI tools are increasingly embedded in everyday work and learning, yet their fluency, opacity, and propensity to hallucinate mean that users must critically evaluate AI outputs rather than accept them at face value. The present…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Gabriel R. Lau , Wei Yan Low , Louis Tay , Ysabel Guevarra , Dragan Gašević , Andree Hartanto

The concept of GenAI has been developed for decades. Until recently, it has impressed us with substantial breakthroughs in natural language processing and computer vision, actively engaging in industrial scenarios. Noticing the practical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Qi Wang , Yanghe Feng , Jincai Huang , Yiqin Lv , Zheng Xie , Xiaoshan Gao

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized the field of computational social science (CSS), unleashing new possibilities for collecting and analyzing multimodal data, especially for scholars who may not have extensive…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Yongjun Zhang

This paper presents a comprehensive exploration of the evolution of prompt engineering and generation in the field of natural language processing (NLP). Starting from the early language models and information retrieval systems, we trace the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Golam Md Muktadir

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the development, functioning, and application of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) and large language models (LLMs), with an emphasis on their implications for research and education.…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Jussi S. Jauhiainen , Aurora Toppari

Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) and agentic systems are moving software engineering from code-centric production toward intent-centric human-agent work in which natural language, repository context, tools, tests, and governance…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Elyson De La Cruz