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Large-scale systems, such as very large accelerators used for fundamental research, require the implementation of precise timing and synchronization systems over distances of several tens of kilometers. A very high precision has been…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2026-02-25 Alice Renaux , Ronic Chiche , A. Martens , Antoine Back , Paul-Éric Pottie , Daniel Charlet

A precise synchronization between laser pulse and electron beam arrival time is essential for achieving sub-picosecond stability in modern accelerator facilities. In this work, a Low-Level RF system architecture combined with White Rabbit…

White Rabbit (WR) technology provides a commercially-available off-the-shelf solution for time synchronisation with sub-nanosecond accuracy and picosecond-level precision over optical fibre links typically spanning tens of kilometres. Such…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-01 Ben Amies-King , Marco Lucamarini

The operation of long-distance quantum networks requires photons to be synchronized and must account for length variations of quantum channels. We demonstrate a 200 MHz clock-rate fiber optic-based quantum network using off-the-shelf…

Establishing and maintaining a common time reference across spatially separated devices is a prerequisite for networked quantum experiments and secure communications. Classical two-way timing protocols such as Network Time Protocol (NTP) or…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-02 Noah Crum , Md Mehdi Hassan , George Siopsis

In distributed quantum applications such as entanglement distribution, precise time synchronization and efficient time-tagged data handling are essential. Traditional systems often suffer from overflow, synchronization drift, and storage…

The development of prototype metropolitan-scale quantum networks is underway and entails transmitting quantum information via single photons through deployed optical fibers spanning several tens of kilometers. The major challenges in…

As radiation detector arrays in nuclear physics applications become larger and physically more separated, the time synchronization and trigger distribution between many channels of detector readout electronics become more challenging.…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2021-09-01 Wolfgang Hennig , Shawn Hoover

Filming atoms in motion with sub-atomic spatiotemporal resolution is one of the distinguished scientific endeavors of our time. Newly emerging X-ray laser facilities are the most likely candidates to enable such a detailed gazing of atoms…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2018-08-15 Kemal Şafak , Ming Xin , Michael Y. Peng , Franz X. Kärtner

Synchronous laser-microwave networks delivering attosecond timing precision are highly desirable in many advanced applications, such as geodesy, very-long-baseline interferometry, high-precision navigation and multi-telescope arrays. In…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2016-07-28 M. Xin , K. Shafak , M. Y. Peng , A. Kalaydzhyan , W. Wang , O. D. Muecke , F. X. Kaertner

Synchronising ultra-short (~fs) and focussed laser pulses is a particularly difficult task, as this timescale lies orders of magnitude below the typical range of fast electronic devices. Here we present an optical technique that allows for…

We drastically improve the mode overlap between independently seeded, gain-switched laser diodes operating at gigahertz repetition rates by implementing a pulsed light seeding technique. Injecting pulsed light reduces the emission time…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-01-11 L. C. Comandar , M. Lucamarini , B. Fröhlich , J. F. Dynes , Z. L. Yuan , A. J. Shields

To guarantee the angular resolution, the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) requires a 500ps (rms) timing synchronization among the 6866 detect units for its KM2A sub-detector array. The White Rabbit technology is applied…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2014-06-18 Hongming Li , Guanghua Gong , Weibin Pan , Qiang Du , Jianmin Li

Synchronised laser oscillators are essential for probing the fastest processes in chemistry, materials science, and biology down to atto-second timescales. Tight synchronisation is also crucial at scientific facilities such as free-electron…

Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) eliminates detector side-channel attacks by relocating all measurements to an untrusted intermediate node. However, its practical implementation critically relies on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-22 A. P. Pljonkin

Sub-nanosecond precision clock synchronization over the packet network has been achieved by the White Rabbit protocol for a decade. However, few computer systems utilize such a technique. We try to attract more interest in the clock…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-07-01 Ying Zhang

Precision frequency and phase synchronization between distinct fiber interconnected nodes is critical for a wide range of applications, including atomic timekeeping, quantum networking, database synchronization, ultra-high-capacity coherent…

In this paper, we present a robust entanglement-assisted synchronization framework for indoor optical wireless systems that explicitly captures the coupling between spatial beam geometry and temporal synchronization accuracy. Unlike…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-16 Hossein Safi , Mohammad Taghi Dabiri , Mazen Hasna , Iman Tavakkolnia , Harald Haas

The operation of an inverse-Compton scattering source of x-rays or gamma-rays requires the precision alignment and synchronization of highly focused electron bunches and laser pulses at the collision point. The arrival times of electron and…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2015-06-19 Michael R. Hadmack , Eric B. Szarmes , John M. J. Madey , Jeremy M. D. Kowalczyk

Several ways to electronically synchronize different types of amplified femtosecond laser systems are presented, based on a single freely programmable electronics hardware: Arbitrary-detuning asynchronous optical sampling, as well as…

Optics · Physics 2023-07-06 Jan Helbing , Peter Hamm
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