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Generative AI technology has become increasingly integrated into our daily lives, offering powerful capabilities to enhance productivity. However, these same capabilities can be exploited by adversaries for malicious purposes. While…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Dayong Ye , Tianqing Zhu , Shang Wang , Bo Liu , Leo Yu Zhang , Wanlei Zhou , Yang Zhang

NLP researchers propose different word-substitute black-box attacks that can fool text classification models. In such attack, an adversary keeps sending crafted adversarial queries to the target model until it can successfully achieve the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-13 Tianle Li , Yi Yang

Due to their complex nature, it is hard to characterize the ways in which machine learning models can misbehave or be exploited when deployed. Recent work on adversarial examples, i.e. inputs with minor perturbations that result in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-02-27 Zhengli Zhao , Dheeru Dua , Sameer Singh

The evaluation of Large Language Models (LLMs) for code generation relies heavily on the quality and robustness of test cases. However, existing benchmarks often lack coverage for subtle corner cases, allowing incorrect solutions to pass.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Jingwei Shi , Xinxiang Yin , Jing Huang , Jinman Zhao , Shengyu Tao

Our paper presents a novel defence against black box attacks, where attackers use the victim model as an oracle to craft their adversarial examples. Unlike traditional preprocessing defences that rely on sanitizing input samples, our…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Roey Bokobza , Yisroel Mirsky

The existence of adversarial attacks (or adversarial examples) brings huge concern about the machine learning (ML) model's safety issues. For many safety-critical ML tasks, such as financial forecasting, fraudulent detection, and anomaly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-19 Han Xu , Menghai Pan , Zhimeng Jiang , Huiyuan Chen , Xiaoting Li , Mahashweta Das , Hao Yang

Black-box adversarial attack on vision-language pre-trained models is a practical and challenging task, as text and image perturbations need to be considered simultaneously, and only the predicted results are accessible. Research on this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Han Liu , Jiaqi Li , Zhi Xu , Xiaotong Zhang , Xiaoming Xu , Fenglong Ma , Yuanman Li , Hong Yu

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are sensitive to adversarial data in a variety of scenarios, including the black-box scenario, where the attacker is only allowed to query the trained model and receive an output. Existing black-box methods for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Raz Lapid , Zvika Haramaty , Moshe Sipper

Adversarial attacks have threatened the application of deep neural networks in security-sensitive scenarios. Most existing black-box attacks fool the target model by interacting with it many times and producing global perturbations.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-01-05 Tao Xiang , Hangcheng Liu , Shangwei Guo , Tianwei Zhang , Xiaofeng Liao

Transfer-based adversarial attacks can evaluate model robustness in the black-box setting. Several methods have demonstrated impressive untargeted transferability, however, it is still challenging to efficiently produce targeted…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-25 Xiao Yang , Yinpeng Dong , Tianyu Pang , Hang Su , Jun Zhu

Adversarial examples are typically constructed by perturbing an existing data point within a small matrix norm, and current defense methods are focused on guarding against this type of attack. In this paper, we propose unrestricted…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-04 Yang Song , Rui Shu , Nate Kushman , Stefano Ermon

Adversarial attacks against Deep Neural Networks have been widely studied. One significant feature that makes such attacks particularly powerful is transferability, where the adversarial examples generated from one model can be effective…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-09-29 Renzhi Wang , Tianwei Zhang , Xiaofei Xie , Lei Ma , Cong Tian , Felix Juefei-Xu , Yang Liu

This work studies black-box adversarial attacks against deep neural networks (DNNs), where the attacker can only access the query feedback returned by the attacked DNN model, while other information such as model parameters or the training…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-19 Yan Feng , Baoyuan Wu , Yanbo Fan , Li Liu , Zhifeng Li , Shutao Xia

Malware detectors based on machine learning (ML) have been shown to be susceptible to adversarial malware examples. However, current methods to generate adversarial malware examples still have their limits. They either rely on detailed…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Daniel Gibert , Jordi Planes , Quan Le , Giulio Zizzo

Deep neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial examples, even in the black-box setting, where the attacker is restricted solely to query access. Existing black-box approaches to generating adversarial examples typically require a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-02 Moustafa Alzantot , Yash Sharma , Supriyo Chakraborty , Huan Zhang , Cho-Jui Hsieh , Mani Srivastava

Decision-based evasion attacks repeatedly query a black-box classifier to generate adversarial examples. Prior work measures the cost of such attacks by the total number of queries made to the classifier. We argue this metric is flawed.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-15 Edoardo Debenedetti , Nicholas Carlini , Florian Tramèr

Widely used deep learning models are found to have poor robustness. Little noises can fool state-of-the-art models into making incorrect predictions. While there is a great deal of high-performance attack generation methods, most of them…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-26 Xinyi Wang , Simon Yusuf Enoch , Dong Seong Kim

Adversarial transferability in black-box scenarios presents a unique challenge: while attackers can employ surrogate models to craft adversarial examples, they lack assurance on whether these examples will successfully compromise the target…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Mosh Levy , Guy Amit , Yuval Elovici , Yisroel Mirsky

We propose a new, simple framework for crafting adversarial examples for black box attacks. The idea is to simulate the substitution model with a non-trainable model compounded of just one layer of handcrafted convolutional kernels and then…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-27 Petr Dvořáček , Petr Hurtik , Petra Števuliáková

Robustness of huge Transformer-based models for natural language processing is an important issue due to their capabilities and wide adoption. One way to understand and improve robustness of these models is an exploration of an adversarial…