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As an optical machine learning framework, Diffractive Deep Neural Networks (D2NN) take advantage of data-driven training methods used in deep learning to devise light-matter interaction in 3D for performing a desired statistical inference…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-08 Deniz Mengu , Yifan Zhao , Nezih T. Yardimci , Yair Rivenson , Mona Jarrahi , Aydogan Ozcan

Optical diffractive neural networks have triggered extensive research with their low power consumption and high speed in image processing. In this work, we propose a reconfigurable digital all-optical diffractive neural network (R-ODNN)…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2023-05-22 Chu Wu , Jingyu Zhao , Qiaomu Hu , Rui Zeng , Minming Zhang

The conjugation of multiple spatial light modulators (SLMs) enables the construction of optical diffractive neural networks (DNNs). To accelerate training, which is limited by the low refresh rate of SLMs, spatial multiplexing of the input…

Optics · Physics 2026-05-20 Guillaume Noetinger , Tim Tuuva , Romain Fleury

Optical neural networks (ONNs) are emerging as a promising neuromorphic computing paradigm for object recognition, offering unprecedented advantages in light-speed computation, ultra-low power consumption, and inherent parallelism. However,…

Application-specific optical processors have been considered disruptive technologies for modern computing that can fundamentally accelerate the development of artificial intelligence (AI) by offering substantially improved computing…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-05-26 Tiankuang Zhou , Xing Lin , Jiamin Wu , Yitong Chen , Hao Xie , Yipeng Li , Jintao Fan , Huaqiang Wu , Lu Fang , Qionghai Dai

Photonic neural networks perform brain-inspired computations using photons instead of electrons that can achieve substantially improved computing performance. However, existing architectures can only handle data with regular structures,…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Tao Yan , Rui Yang , Ziyang Zheng , Xing Lin , Hongkai Xiong , Qionghai Dai

Optical approaches have made great strides towards the goal of high-speed, energy-efficient computing necessary for modern deep learning and AI applications. Read-in and read-out of data, however, limit the overall performance of existing…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Alexander Song , Sai Nikhilesh Murty Kottapalli , Rahul Goyal , Bernhard Schölkopf , Peer Fischer

Optical Diffraction Neural Networks (DNNs), a subset of Optical Neural Networks (ONNs), show promise in mirroring the prowess of electronic networks. This study introduces the Hybrid Diffraction Neural Network (HDNN), a novel architecture…

A cascaded phase-only mask architecture (or an optical diffractive neural network) can be employed for different optical information processing tasks such as pattern recognition, orbital angular momentum (OAM) mode conversion, image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-02-26 Yang Gao , Shuming Jiao , Juncheng Fang , Ting Lei , Zhenwei Xie , Xiaocong Yuan

Optical machine learning offers advantages in terms of power efficiency, scalability and computation speed. Recently, an optical machine learning method based on Diffractive Deep Neural Networks (D2NNs) has been introduced to execute a…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-06-11 Deniz Mengu , Yi Luo , Yair Rivenson , Aydogan Ozcan

Diffractive optical neural networks (DONNs) have demonstrated unparalleled energy efficiency and parallelism by processing information directly in the optical domain. However, their computational expressivity is constrained by static,…

Optics · Physics 2026-03-11 Ziang Yin , Qi Jing , Raktim Sarma , Rena Huang , Yu Yao , Jiaqi Gu

Research on optical computing has recently attracted significant attention due to the transformative advances in machine learning. Among different approaches, diffractive optical networks composed of spatially-engineered transmissive…

Optics · Physics 2022-05-27 Jingxi Li , Yi-Chun Hung , Onur Kulce , Deniz Mengu , Aydogan Ozcan

An optical diffractive neural network (DNN) can be implemented with a cascaded phase mask architecture. Like an optical computer, the system can perform machine learning tasks such as number digit recognition in an all-optical manner.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-11-26 Shuming Jiao , Jun Feng , Yang Gao , Ting Lei , Zhenwei Xie , Xiaocong Yuan

Photonic neural networks are brain-inspired information processing technology using photons instead of electrons to perform artificial intelligence (AI) tasks. However, existing architectures are designed for a single task but fail to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-02 Zhengyang Duan , Hang Chen , Xing Lin

Optical super-oscillation enables far-field super-resolution imaging beyond diffraction limits. However, the existing super-oscillatory lens for the spatial super-resolution imaging system still confronts critical limitations in performance…

This short report focuses on the scalability challenges of the on-chip diffractive optical neural networks. It addresses an emerging gap in the literature, specifically around the limitations and challenges of scaling optical neural…

Optics · Physics 2025-09-01 Sanaz Zarei

Precise engineering of materials and surfaces has been at the heart of some of the recent advances in optics and photonics. These advances around the engineering of materials with new functionalities have also opened up exciting avenues for…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-01-25 Onur Kulce , Deniz Mengu , Yair Rivenson , Aydogan Ozcan

All-optical neural networks (AONNs) have emerged as a promising paradigm for ultrafast and energy-efficient computation. These networks typically consist of multiple serially connected layers between input and output layers--a configuration…

Optics · Physics 2025-12-01 Jianwei Qin , Yanbing Liu , Yan Liu , Xun Liu , Wei Li , Fangwei Ye

Diffractive deep neural networks (D2NNs) are composed of successive transmissive layers optimized using supervised deep learning to all-optically implement various computational tasks between an input and output field-of-view (FOV). Here,…

All-optical neural networks (AONNs) promise transformative gains in speed and energy efficiency for artificial intelligence (AI) by leveraging the intrinsic parallelism and wave nature of light. However, their scalability has been…

Optics · Physics 2025-12-09 Ruben Canora , Xinzhe Xu , Ziqi Niu , Hadiseh Alaeian , Shengwang Du