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This chapter provides an overview of the different Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems that are being used in contemporary digital tools for Mathematics Education (ME). It is aimed at researchers in AI and Machine Learning (ML), for whom…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-10-22 Steven Van Vaerenbergh , Adrián Pérez-Suay

Mathematics is one of the most powerful conceptual systems developed and used by the human species. Dreams of automated mathematicians have a storied history in artificial intelligence (AI). Rapid progress in AI, particularly propelled by…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2023-10-23 Cedegao E. Zhang , Katherine M. Collins , Adrian Weller , Joshua B. Tenenbaum

Recent developments show that AI can prove research-level theorems in mathematics, both formally and informally. This essay urges mathematicians to stay up-to-date with the technology, to consider the ways it will disrupt mathematical…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2026-04-07 Jeremy Avigad

We argue how AI can assist mathematics in three ways: theorem-proving, conjecture formulation, and language processing. Inspired by initial experiments in geometry and theoretical physics in 2017, we summarize how this emerging field has…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2025-11-24 Yang-Hui He

This overview article highlights the critical role of mathematics in artificial intelligence (AI), emphasizing that mathematics provides tools to better understand and enhance AI systems. Conversely, AI raises new problems and drives the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-01-22 Gabriel Peyré

In the software industry, artificial intelligence (AI) has been utilized more and more in software development activities. In some activities, such as coding, AI has already been an everyday tool, but in software testing activities AI it…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Katja Karhu , Jussi Kasurinen , Kari Smolander

Mathematical reasoning is a fundamental aspect of human intelligence and is applicable in various fields, including science, engineering, finance, and everyday life. The development of artificial intelligence (AI) systems capable of solving…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-23 Pan Lu , Liang Qiu , Wenhao Yu , Sean Welleck , Kai-Wei Chang

This book provides a comprehensive and accessible introduction to the emerging field of AI for mathematics. It covers the core principles and diverse applications of using artificial intelligence to advance mathematical research. Through…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Xiaoyang Chen , Xiaoyang Chen

Recent years have seen the dramatic rise of the usage of AI algorithms in pure mathematics and fundamental sciences such as theoretical physics. This is perhaps counter-intuitive since mathematical sciences require the rigorous definitions,…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2024-08-07 Yang-Hui He

AI for Mathematics (AI4Math) has emerged as a distinct field that leverages machine learning to navigate mathematical landscapes historically intractable for early symbolic systems. While mid-20th-century symbolic approaches successfully…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2026-05-05 Haocheng Ju , Bin Dong

Over the past thirty years or so the authors have been teaching various programming for mathematics courses at our respective Universities, as well as incorporating computer algebra and numerical computation into traditional mathematics…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2022-03-16 Jack Betteridge , Eunice Y. S. Chan , Robert M. Corless , James H. Davenport , James Grant

This paper presents a comprehensive overview on the applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in mathematical research, highlighting the transformative role AI has begun to play in this domain. Traditionally, AI advancements have heavily…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Shizhe Liang , Wei Zhang , Tianyang Zhong , Tianming Liu

Can AI solve all math? What do we actually mean by doing mathematics? How do we communicate mathematics? What is mathematics beyond problem solving? This essay is my attempt to answer these questions.

History and Overview · Mathematics 2025-09-22 Petra Schwer

The research on and application of artificial intelligence (AI) has triggered a comprehensive scientific, economic, social and political discussion. Here we argue that statistics, as an interdisciplinary scientific field, plays a…

AI for Mathematics (AI4Math) is not only intriguing intellectually but also crucial for AI-driven discovery in science, engineering, and beyond. Extensive efforts on AI4Math have mirrored techniques in NLP, in particular, training large…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Kaiyu Yang , Gabriel Poesia , Jingxuan He , Wenda Li , Kristin Lauter , Swarat Chaudhuri , Dawn Song

This paper covers two topics: first an introduction to Algorithmic Complexity Theory: how it defines probability, some of its characteristic properties and past successful applications. Second, we apply it to problems in A.I. - where it…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-04-15 Ray Solomonoff

We review the recent programme of using machine-learning to explore the landscape of mathematical problems. With this paradigm as a model for human intuition - complementary to and in contrast with the more formalistic approach of automated…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-02-15 Yang-Hui He

To assess the ability of current AI systems to correctly answer research-level mathematics questions, we share a set of ten math questions which have arisen naturally in the research process of the authors. The questions had not been shared…

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has demonstrated remarkable capabilities in domains such as recruitment, finance, healthcare, and the judiciary. However, biases in AI systems raise ethical and societal concerns, emphasizing the need for…

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