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Hydrodynamics is applied to describe the dynamics of relativistic heavy-ion collisions. The focus of the present study is the influence of a possible (phase) transition to the quark-gluon plasma in the nuclear matter equation of state on…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-10-30 Dirk H. Rischke

We investigate whether hydrodynamic attractors are present in simulations of the quark-gluon plasma formed in heavy-ion collisions. We argue that Lagrangian schemes to solve the relativistic viscous fluid equations can be particularly…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2021-02-03 Gabriel S. Denicol , Jorge Noronha

High-energy nuclear collisions produce a nonequilibrium plasma of quarks and gluons which thermalizes and exhibits hydrodynamic flow. There are currently no practical frameworks to connect the early particle production in classical field…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2019-04-30 Aleksi Kurkela , Aleksas Mazeliauskas , Jean-François Paquet , Sören Schlichting , Derek Teaney

It is frequently supposed that quark-gluon plasma created in heavy-ion collisions undergoes free streaming at early times. We examine this issue based on the assumption that a universal attractor dominates the dynamics already at the…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2021-10-27 Jakub Jankowski , Syo Kamata , Mauricio Martinez , Michał Spaliński

Quark-gluon plasma's (QGP) properties at non-hydrodynamic and non-perturbative regimes remain largely unexplored. Here, we examine the response functions describing how a QGP-like plasma responds to initial energy-momentum disturbance in…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2024-04-10 Weiyao Ke , Yi Yin

We present a novel approach to the treatment of thermal fluctuations in the (3+1)-D viscous hydrodynamic simulation MUSIC. The phenomenological impact of thermal fluctuations on hadronic observables is investigated using the IP-Glasma +…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2019-02-20 Mayank Singh , Chun Shen , Scott McDonald , Sangyong Jeon , Charles Gale

A simple approach is proposed allowing actual calculations of the preequilibrium dynamics in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions to be performed for a far-from-equilibrium initial state. The method is based on the phenomenological…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2010-07-08 S. V. Akkelin , Yu. M. Sinyukov

A system of equations for anisotropic hydrodynamics is derived that describes a mixture of anisotropic quark and gluon fluids. The consistent treatment of the zeroth, first and second moments of the kinetic equations allows us to construct…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-12-02 Wojciech Florkowski , Ewa Maksymiuk , Radoslaw Ryblewski , Leonardo Tinti

Non-conformal attractor behavior is studied by solving non-conformal second order viscous hydrodynamics with respect to boost-invariant plasmas. Numerical solutions of the relative decay rate of the enthalpy density, the inverse shear and…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2022-03-14 Zenan Chen , Li Yan

The early stage of a heavy-ion collision is marked by rapid entropy production and the transition from a gluon saturated initial condition to a plasma of quarks and gluons that evolves hydrodynamically. However, during the early times of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-01-15 Andrew Gordeev , Steffen A. Bass , Berndt Mueller , Jean-Francois Paquet

Relativistic hydrodynamics simulations of quark-gluon plasma play a pivotal role in our understanding of heavy ion collisions at RHIC and LHC. They are based on a phenomenological description due to Mueller, Israel, Stewart (MIS) and…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-08-08 Michal P. Heller , Romuald A. Janik , Michal Spalinski , Przemyslaw Witaszczyk

We demonstrate how to match pre-equilibrium dynamics of a 0+1 dimensional quark gluon plasma to 2nd-order viscous hydrodynamical evolution. The matching allows us to specify the initial values of the energy density and shear tensor at the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2014-11-20 Mauricio Martinez , Michael Strickland

We study the jet quenching parameter $\hat q$ in the initial pre-equilibrium stages of heavy-ion collisions using the QCD kinetic theory description of the anisotropic quark-gluon plasma. This allows us to smoothly close the gap in the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-06-25 Kirill Boguslavski , Aleksi Kurkela , Tuomas Lappi , Florian Lindenbauer , Jarkko Peuron

The observation of collective flow phenomena in small collision systems challenges our understanding of quark-gluon plasma (QGP) formation and evolution. This complexity lies in the initial geometries, which are influenced by both nucleon…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2025-10-23 STAR Collaboration

A fluid-dynamic approach to charm-quark diffusion in the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) is developed for the first time. Results for integrated yields and momentum distributions of charmed hadrons obtained with a fluid-dynamic description for the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-01-17 Federica Capellino , Andrea Dubla , Stefan Floerchinger , Eduardo Grossi , Andreas Kirchner , Silvia Masciocchi

In ultra-relativistic collisions of heavy ions, the strongly interacting Quark Gluon Plasma (sQGP) is created. The fluid nature of the sQGP was one of the important discoveries of high energy heavy ion physics in the last decades.…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2018-02-13 Balint Kurgyis , Mate Csanad

The evolution of magnetized quark gluon plasma (QGP) in the framework of magneto-hydrodynamics is the focus of our study. We are investigating the temporal and spatial evolution of QGP using a second order viscous hydrodynamic framework.…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2024-03-05 M. karimabadi , A. F. Kord , B. Azadegan

We consider a plasma of massless particles undergoing Bjorken expansion, mimicking the matter created in ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions. We study the transition to hydrodynamics using kinetic theory in the relaxation time…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2021-11-24 Jean-Paul Blaizot , Li Yan

We study the non-equilibrium dynamics, thermalisation and attractor behaviour of charm quarks in a longitudinally expanding Quark-Gluon Plasma within the Relativistic Boltzmann Transport approach in 1+1D Bjorken expansion. Considering both…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-04-06 Shile Chen , Vincenzo Nugara , Maria Lucia Sambataro , Salvatore Plumari , Vincenzo Greco

The quark gluon plasma generated in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions may possess sizable momentum-space anisotropies that cause the longitudinal and transverse pressures in the local rest frame to be significantly different. We review…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-06-11 Michael Strickland