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Large language models (LLMs) increasingly help people solve problems, from debugging code to repairing machinery. This process requires generating plausible hypotheses from partial descriptions, then updating them as more information…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Hua-Dong Xiong

Modern scientific discovery is bottlenecked not by data scarcity, but by the inability to synthesize fragmented knowledge into actionable hypotheses. This challenge is especially acute in battery materials research, where electrochemical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Jaeha Oh , Byungchan Kim , Ju Li , Yang Jeong Park , Jin-Sung Park

*Data Synthesis* is a promising way to train a small model with very little labeled data. One approach for data synthesis is to leverage the rich knowledge from large language models to synthesize pseudo training examples for small models,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Ruida Wang , Wangchunshu Zhou , Mrinmaya Sachan

Large-scale datasets for natural language inference are created by presenting crowd workers with a sentence (premise), and asking them to generate three new sentences (hypotheses) that it entails, contradicts, or is logically neutral with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-04-18 Suchin Gururangan , Swabha Swayamdipta , Omer Levy , Roy Schwartz , Samuel R. Bowman , Noah A. Smith

We describe HypotheSAEs, a general method to hypothesize interpretable relationships between text data (e.g., headlines) and a target variable (e.g., clicks). HypotheSAEs has three steps: (1) train a sparse autoencoder on text embeddings to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Rajiv Movva , Kenny Peng , Nikhil Garg , Jon Kleinberg , Emma Pierson

Python is a popular dynamic programming language, evidenced by its ranking as the second most commonly used language on GitHub. However, its dynamic type system can lead to potential type errors, leading researchers to explore automatic…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-07-19 Yun Peng , Chaozheng Wang , Wenxuan Wang , Cuiyun Gao , Michael R. Lyu

Scientific literature is growing exponentially, creating a critical bottleneck for researchers to efficiently synthesize knowledge. While general-purpose Large Language Models (LLMs) show potential in text processing, they often fail to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Fengyu She , Nan Wang , Hongfei Wu , Ziyi Wan , Jingmian Wang , Chang Wang

We introduce an explainability method for biomedical hypothesis generation systems, built on top of the novel Hypothesis Generation Context Retriever framework. Our approach combines semantic graph-based retrieval and relevant…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Ilya Tyagin , Saeideh Valipour , Aliaksandra Sikirzhytskaya , Michael Shtutman , Ilya Safro

Solving computer-aided synthesis planning is essential for enabling fully automated, robot-assisted synthesis workflows and improving the efficiency of drug discovery. A key challenge, however, is bridging the gap between computational…

Novel research ideas play a critical role in advancing scientific inquiries. Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated their potential to generate novel research ideas by leveraging large-scale scientific…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Keyu Zhao , Weiquan Lin , Qirui Zheng , Fengli Xu , Yong Li

Social media datasets are essential for research on a variety of topics, such as disinformation, influence operations, hate speech detection, or influencer marketing practices. However, access to social media datasets is often constrained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Henry Tari , Nojus Sereiva , Rishabh Kaushal , Thales Bertaglia , Adriana Iamnitchi

Natural Language Processing (NLP) is widely used to supply summarization ability from long context to structured information. However, extracting structured knowledge from scientific text by NLP models remains a challenge because of its…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Tong Xie , Hanzhi Zhang , Shaozhou Wang , Yuwei Wan , Imran Razzak , Chunyu Kit , Wenjie Zhang , Bram Hoex

As networking systems become increasingly complex, achieving disruptive innovation grows more challenging. At the same time, recent progress in Large Language Models (LLMs) has shown strong potential for scientific hypothesis formation and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Mengrui Zhang , Bang Huang , Yunxin Xu , Haiying Huang , Luxi Zhao , Mochun Long , Qingyu Song , Qiao Xiang , Xue Liu , Jiwu Shu

In response to the growing complexity and volume of scientific literature, this paper introduces the LLMs4Synthesis framework, designed to enhance the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) in generating high-quality scientific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Hamed Babaei Giglou , Jennifer D'Souza , Sören Auer

A clinical study is often necessary for exploring important research questions; however, this approach is sometimes time and money consuming. Another extreme approach, which is to collect and aggregate opinions from crowds, provides a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Shoko Wakamiya , Toshiki Mera , Eiji Aramaki , Masaki Matsubara , Atsuyuki Morishima

This study introduces a novel software tool leveraging large language model (LLM) prompts, designed to automate the generation of academic articles from Python code a significant advancement in the fields of biomedical informatics and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Jeremy R. Harper

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in various scientific domains, from natural language processing to complex problem-solving tasks. Their ability to understand and generate human-like text has opened up…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Guangzhi Xiong , Eric Xie , Amir Hassan Shariatmadari , Sikun Guo , Stefan Bekiranov , Aidong Zhang

The rapid growth of biomedical knowledge has outpaced our ability to efficiently extract insights and generate novel hypotheses. Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as a promising tool to revolutionize knowledge interaction and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Biqing Qi , Kaiyan Zhang , Kai Tian , Haoxiang Li , Zhang-Ren Chen , Sihang Zeng , Ermo Hua , Hu Jinfang , Bowen Zhou

Scientific talks are a growing medium for disseminating research, and automatically identifying relevant literature that grounds or enriches a talk would be highly valuable for researchers and students alike. We introduce Reference…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Frederik Broy , Maike Züfle , Jan Niehues

Differentially private (DP) synthetic data generation is a promising technique for utilizing private datasets that otherwise cannot be exposed for model training or other analytics. While much research literature has focused on generating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Shuaiqi Wang , Vikas Raunak , Arturs Backurs , Victor Reis , Pei Zhou , Sihao Chen , Longqi Yang , Zinan Lin , Sergey Yekhanin , Giulia Fanti