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This article offers an intuitive introduction to monoidal categories through the lens of painting, presenting abstract mathematical concepts with visual and tactile analogies. Aimed at curious undergraduates and non-specialists, it seeks to…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2025-08-08 Khyathi Komalan

Leveraging topos theory a semantics can be given to sequential circuits where time-sensitive gates, such as unit delay, are treated uniformly with combinational gates. Both kinds of gates are functions in a particular topos: the topos of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-07-20 Arnaud Spiwack

We construct in a unifying way skew-multicategories and multicategories of double and Gray-categories that we call Gray (skew) multicategories. We study their different versions depending on the types of functors and higher transforms. We…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2024-08-02 Bojana Femić

Indexed symmetric monoidal categories are an important refinement of bicategories -- this structure underlies several familiar bicategories, including the homotopy bicategory of parametrized spectra, and its equivariant and fiberwise…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2023-06-21 Cary Malkiewich , Kate Ponto

The content of this paper can be roughly organized into a three-level hierarchy of generality. At the first, most general level, we introduce a new language which allows us to express various categorical structures in a systematic and…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2022-08-03 Andreas Bauer , Alexander Nietner

We propose a duality between the complex Liouville string and a two-matrix integral. The complex Liouville string is defined by coupling two Liouville theories with complex central charges $c = 13 \pm i \lambda$ on the worldsheet. The…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-05-14 Scott Collier , Lorenz Eberhardt , Beatrix Mühlmann , Victor A. Rodriguez

In the well-known settings of category theory enriched in a monoidal category V, the use of V-enriched functor categories and bifunctors demands that V be equipped with a symmetry, braiding, or duoidal structure. In this paper, we establish…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-08 Rory B. B. Lucyshyn-Wright

In this paper, we build double theories capturing the idea of nondeterministic behaviors and trajectories. Following Libkind and Myers' Double Operadic Theory of Systems, we construct monoidal semi double categories of interfaces, along…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2026-01-13 Paul Zhongpeng Wang

Solutions of matrix quantum mechanics have been shown to describe time dependent backgrounds in the holographically dual two dimensional closed string theory. We review some recent work dealing with non-trivial space-times which arise in…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Sumit R. Das

Tape diagrams provide a convenient graphical notation for arrows of rig categories, i.e., categories equipped with two monoidal products, $\oplus$ and $\otimes$. In this work, we introduce Kleene-Cartesian rig categories, namely rig…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Filippo Bonchi , Alessandro Di Giorgio , Elena Di Lavore

We define a diagrammatic monoidal category, together with a full and essentially surjective monoidal functor from this category to the category of modules over the exceptional Lie algebra of type $F_4$. In this way, we obtain a set of…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2025-05-14 Raj Gandhi , Alistair Savage , Kirill Zainoulline

We introduce a general diagrammatic theory of digital circuits, based on connections between monoidal categories and graph rewriting. The main achievement of the paper is conceptual, filling a foundational gap in reasoning syntactically and…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2017-03-31 Dan R. Ghica , Achim Jung , Aliaume Lopez

String theories should reduce to ordinary four-dimensional field theories at low energies. Yet the formulation of the two are so different that such a connection, if it exists, is not immediately obvious. With the Schwinger proper-time…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-28 Y. J. Feng , C. S. Lam

We universally characterize the produoidal category of monoidal lenses over a monoidal category. In the same way that each category induces a cofree promonoidal category of spliced arrows, each monoidal category induces a cofree produoidal…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2024-04-10 Mario Román

A symmetric monoidal category naturally arises as the mathematical structure that organizes physical systems, processes, and composition thereof, both sequentially and in parallel. This structure admits a purely graphical calculus. This…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-05-30 Bob Coecke , Raymond Lal

A brief review of the status of duality symmetries in string theory is presented. The evidence is accumulating rapidly that an enormous group of duality symmetries, including perturbative T dualities and non-perturbative S-dualities,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 John H. Schwarz

We use category theory to propose a unified approach to the Schur-Weyl dualities involving the general linear Lie algebras, their polynomial extensions and associated quantum deformations. We define multiplicative sequences of algebras…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2011-05-13 Alexei Davydov , Alexander Molev

Premonoidal categories and Freyd categories provide an encompassing framework for the semantics of call-by-value programming languages. Premonoidal categories are a weakening of monoidal categories in which the interchange law for the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Hugo Paquet , Philip Saville

We introduce monoidal streams: a generalization of causal stream functions to monoidal categories. In the same way that streams provide semantics to dataflow programming with pure functions, monoidal streams provide semantics to dataflow…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-02-07 Elena Di Lavore , Giovanni de Felice , Mario Román

Following the general theory of categorified quantum groups developed by the author previously (arxiv:2304.07398), we construct the 2-Drinfel'd double associated to a finite group $N=G_0$. For $N=\mathbb{Z}_2$, we explicitly compute the…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2023-09-25 Hank Chen
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