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We introduce string diagrams for physical duoidal categories (normal $\otimes$-symmetric duoidal categories): they consist of string diagrams with wires forming a zigzag-free partial order and order-preserving nodes whose inputs and outputs…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2024-07-23 Mario Román

A popular graphical calculus for monoidal categories makes computations tactile and intuitive. Complicated diagram chases can be expressed in a few pictures and discovered by playing with a shoelace. Joyal and Street's proof of the…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2018-03-05 David Jaz Myers

We introduce string diagrams for graded symmetric monoidal categories. Our approach includes a definition of graded monoidal theory and the corresponding freely generated syntactic category. Also, we show how an axiomatic presentation for…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2026-01-12 Ralph Sarkis , Fabio Zanasi

We solve the word problem for free double categories without equations between generators by translating it to the word problem for 2-categories. This yields a quadratic algorithm deciding the equality of diagrams in a free double category.…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2020-01-06 Antonin Delpeuch

Bimonoidal categories (also known as rig categories) are categories with two monoidal structures, one of which distributes over the other. We formally define sheet diagrams, a graphical calculus for bimonoidal categories that was informally…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2020-12-22 Cole Comfort , Antonin Delpeuch , Jules Hedges

This article is intended as a reference guide to various notions of monoidal categories and their associated string diagrams. It is hoped that this will be useful not just to mathematicians, but also to physicists, computer scientists, and…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2012-07-31 Peter Selinger

It is well-known that combinatorial circuits are modeled mathematically by string diagrams in a monoidal category. Given a gate set $\Sigma$, the circuits over $\Sigma$ can be thought of as string diagrams in the free monoidal category…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-23 Scott Wesley

We introduce nominal string diagrams as, string diagrams internal in the category of nominal sets. This requires us to take nominal sets as a monoidal category, not with the cartesian product, but with the separated product. To this end, we…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-04-17 Samuel Balco , Alexander Kurz

String diagrams are pictorial representations for morphisms of symmetric monoidal categories. They constitute an intuitive and expressive graphical syntax, which has found application in a very diverse range of fields including concurrency…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Aleksandar Milosavljevic , Robin Piedeleu , Fabio Zanasi

We describe a 2-dimensional analogue of track categories, called two-track categories, and show that it can be used to model categories enriched in 2-type mapping spaces. We also define a Baues-Wirsching type cohomology theory for track…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2010-02-18 David Blanc , Simona Paoli

This paper introduces the concept of distorted monoidal categories, a generalization of monoidal and braided monoidal categories that supports non-reversible and direction-sensitive tensor structures. Unlike the classical setting, where the…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2025-11-25 Joaquim Reizi Higuchi

We give an alternate conception of string diagrams as labeled 1-dimensional oriented cobordisms, the operad of which we denote by Cob/O, where O is the set of string labels. The axioms of traced (symmetric monoidal) categories are fully…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2018-06-06 David I. Spivak , Patrick Schultz , Dylan Rupel

We develop a purely set-theoretic formalism for binary trees and binary graphs. We define a category of binary automata, and display it as a fibred category over the category of binary graphs. We also relate the notion of binary graphs to…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 N. Raghavendra

In this paper we present a categorical version of the first and second fundamental theorems of the invariant theory for the quantized symplectic groups. Our methods depend on the theory of braided strict monoidal categories which are…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2018-06-12 Zhankui Xiao , Yuping Yang , Yinhuo Zhang

We present a new model of computation, described in terms of monoidal categories. It conforms the Church-Turing Thesis, and captures the same computable functions as the standard models. It provides a succinct categorical interface to most…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-03-20 Dusko Pavlovic

Applied category theory provides powerful mathematical tools for modelling processes and their composition. Symmetric monoidal categories, which involve series and parallel composition, are particularly well-suited for describing the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-13 Muhammad Hamza Waseem

Premonoidal and Freyd categories are both generalized by non-cartesian Freyd categories: effectful categories. We construct string diagrams for effectful categories in terms of the string diagrams for a monoidal category with a freely added…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2024-05-03 Mario Román

We present a unified framework for categorical systems theory which packages a collection of open systems, their interactions, and their maps into a symmetric monoidal loose right module of systems over a symmetric monoidal double category…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2025-05-30 Sophie Libkind , David Jaz Myers

The study of abstraction and composition - the focus of category theory - naturally leads to sophisticated diagrams which can encode complex algebraic semantics. Consequently, these diagrams facilitate a clearer visual comprehension of…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2024-06-27 Vincent Abbott , Gioele Zardini

We introduce collages of string diagrams as a diagrammatic syntax for glueing multiple monoidal categories. Collages of string diagrams are interpreted as pointed bimodular profunctors. As the main examples of this technique, we introduce…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2023-12-15 Dylan Braithwaite , Mario Román
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