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Multimodal retrieval is becoming a crucial component of modern AI applications, yet its evaluation lags behind the demands of more realistic and challenging scenarios. Existing benchmarks primarily probe surface-level semantic…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Junjie Zhou , Ze Liu , Lei Xiong , Jin-Ge Yao , Yueze Wang , Shitao Xiao , Fenfen Lin , Miguel Hu Chen , Zhicheng Dou , Siqi Bao , Defu Lian , Yongping Xiong , Zheng Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant strides in handling long sequences. Some models like Gemini could even to be capable of dealing with millions of tokens. However, their performance evaluation has largely been confined to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Tianle Li , Ge Zhang , Quy Duc Do , Xiang Yue , Wenhu Chen

Current Large Language Models (LLMs) face inherent limitations due to their pre-defined context lengths, which impede their capacity for multi-hop reasoning within extensive textual contexts. While existing techniques like…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Weizhi Fei , Xueyan Niu , Guoqing Xie , Yanhua Zhang , Bo Bai , Lei Deng , Wei Han

Reward models (RMs) have driven the state-of-the-art performance of LLMs today by enabling the integration of human feedback into the language modeling process. However, RMs are primarily trained and evaluated in English, and their…

Large language models (LLMs), despite their impressive performance in various language tasks, are typically limited to processing texts within context-window size. This limitation has spurred significant research efforts to enhance LLMs'…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Jiaqi Li , Mengmeng Wang , Zilong Zheng , Muhan Zhang

Recent advancements in large language models (LLM) capable of processing extremely long texts highlight the need for a dedicated evaluation benchmark to assess their long-context capabilities. However, existing methods, like the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Taewhoo Lee , Chanwoong Yoon , Kyochul Jang , Donghyeon Lee , Minju Song , Hyunjae Kim , Jaewoo Kang

Reasoning is an essential capacity for large language models (LLMs) to address complex tasks, where the identification of process errors is vital for improving this ability. Recently, process-level reward models (PRMs) were proposed to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Zhaopan Xu , Pengfei Zhou , Jiaxin Ai , Wangbo Zhao , Kai Wang , Xiaojiang Peng , Wenqi Shao , Hongxun Yao , Kaipeng Zhang

Prior benchmarks for evaluating the domain-specific knowledge of large language models (LLMs) lack the scalability to handle complex academic tasks. To address this, we introduce \texttt{ScholarBench}, a benchmark centered on deep expert…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Dongwon Noh , Donghyeok Koh , Junghun Yuk , Gyuwan Kim , Jaeyong Lee , Kyungtae Lim , Cheoneum Park

Recent large language models (LLMs) support long contexts ranging from 128K to 1M tokens. A popular method for evaluating these capabilities is the needle-in-a-haystack (NIAH) test, which involves retrieving a "needle" (relevant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Ali Modarressi , Hanieh Deilamsalehy , Franck Dernoncourt , Trung Bui , Ryan A. Rossi , Seunghyun Yoon , Hinrich Schütze

While large language models (LLMs) can solve PhD-level reasoning problems over long context inputs, they still struggle with a seemingly simpler task: following explicit length instructions-e.g., write a 10,000-word novel. Additionally,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Wei Zhang , Zhenhong Zhou , Kun Wang , Junfeng Fang , Yuanhe Zhang , Rui Wang , Ge Zhang , Xavier Li , Li Sun , Lingjuan Lyu , Yang Liu , Sen Su

Large Language Models (LLMs) hold significant potential for advancing fact-checking by leveraging their capabilities in reasoning, evidence retrieval, and explanation generation. However, existing benchmarks fail to comprehensively evaluate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Shuo Yang , Yuqin Dai , Guoqing Wang , Xinran Zheng , Jinfeng Xu , Jinze Li , Zhenzhe Ying , Weiqiang Wang , Edith C. H. Ngai

Current benchmarks like Needle-in-a-Haystack (NIAH), Ruler, and Needlebench focus on models' ability to understand long-context input sequences but fail to capture a critical dimension: the generation of high-quality long-form text.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Yuhao Wu , Ming Shan Hee , Zhiqing Hu , Roy Ka-Wei Lee

Recent multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have demonstrated significant potential in open-ended conversation, generating more accurate and personalized responses. However, their abilities to memorize, recall, and reason in sustained…

Embedding models play a pivot role in modern NLP applications such as IR and RAG. While the context limit of LLMs has been pushed beyond 1 million tokens, embedding models are still confined to a narrow context window not exceeding 8k…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Dawei Zhu , Liang Wang , Nan Yang , Yifan Song , Wenhao Wu , Furu Wei , Sujian Li

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have yielded remarkable success across diverse fields. However, handling long contexts remains a significant challenge for LLMs due to the quadratic time and space complexity of attention…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Weijie Liu , Zecheng Tang , Juntao Li , Kehai Chen , Min Zhang

Despite impressive advances in large language models (LLMs), existing benchmarks often focus on single-turn or single-step tasks, failing to capture the kind of iterative reasoning required in real-world settings. To address this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Yiran Zhang , Mo Wang , Xiaoyang Li , Kaixuan Ren , Chencheng Zhu , Usman Naseem

We propose LingBench++, a linguistically-informed benchmark and reasoning framework designed to evaluate large language models (LLMs) on complex linguistic tasks inspired by the International Linguistics Olympiad (IOL). Unlike prior…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Da-Chen Lian , Ri-Sheng Huang , Pin-Er Chen , Chunki Lim , You-Kuan Lin , Guan-Yu Tseng , Zi-Cheng Yang , Zhen-Yu Lin , Pin-Cheng Chen , Shu-Kai Hsieh

Cross-lingual context retrieval (extracting contextual information in one language based on requests in another) is a fundamental aspect of cross-lingual alignment, but the performance and mechanism of it for large language models (LLMs)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Changjiang Gao , Hankun Lin , Xin Huang , Xue Han , Junlan Feng , Chao Deng , Jiajun Chen , Shujian Huang

The rapid extension of context windows in large vision-language models has given rise to long-context vision-language models (LCVLMs), which are capable of handling hundreds of images with interleaved text tokens in a single forward pass.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Zhaowei Wang , Wenhao Yu , Xiyu Ren , Jipeng Zhang , Yu Zhao , Rohit Saxena , Liang Cheng , Ginny Wong , Simon See , Pasquale Minervini , Yangqiu Song , Mark Steedman

Current language models (LMs) excel at reasoning over prompts using pre-trained knowledge. However, real-world tasks are far more complex and context-dependent: models must learn from task-specific context and leverage new knowledge beyond…