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In the present work we present Training Noise Token (TNT) Pruning for vision transformers. Our method relaxes the discrete token dropping condition to continuous additive noise, providing smooth optimization in training, while retaining…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Mingxing Rao , Bohan Jiang , Daniel Moyer

Neural network pruning is a widely used strategy for reducing model storage and computing requirements. It allows to lower the complexity of the network by introducing sparsity in the weights. Because taking advantage of sparse matrices is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-14 Nathan Hubens , Matei Mancas , Bernard Gosselin , Marius Preda , Titus Zaharia

Modern large vision-language models (LVLMs) convert each input image into a large set of tokens that far outnumber the text tokens. Although this improves visual perception, it also introduces severe image token redundancy. Because image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Yanshu Li , Jianjiang Yang , Zhennan Shen , Ligong Han , Haoyan Xu , Ruixiang Tang

The widespread availability of pre-trained vision models has enabled numerous deep learning applications through their transferable representations. However, their computational and storage costs often limit practical deployment.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Leonardo Iurada , Beatrice Occhiena , Tatiana Tommasi

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive capabilities, yet they still struggle with math reasoning. In this work, we propose CoT-Influx, a novel approach that pushes the boundary of few-shot Chain-of-Thoughts (CoT) learning to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Xijie Huang , Li Lyna Zhang , Kwang-Ting Cheng , Fan Yang , Mao Yang

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have proven effective on various tasks. They typically encode visual inputs into Original Model sequences of tokens, which are then concatenated with textual tokens and jointly processed by the language model.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Hao Zhang , Mengsi Lyu , Bo Huang , Yulong Ao , Yonghua Lin

State-of-the-art language models are becoming increasingly large in an effort to achieve the highest performance on large corpora of available textual data. However, the sheer size of the Transformer architectures makes it difficult to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Tycho F. A. van der Ouderaa , Markus Nagel , Mart van Baalen , Yuki M. Asano , Tijmen Blankevoort

While multi-vector retrieval models outperform single-vector models of comparable size in retrieval quality, their practicality is limited by substantially larger index sizes, driven by the additional sequence-length dimension in their…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Rohan Jha , Chunsheng Zuo , Reno Kriz , Benjamin Van Durme

Deployment of Transformer models on edge devices is becoming increasingly challenging due to the exponentially growing inference cost that scales quadratically with the number of tokens in the input sequence. Token pruning is an emerging…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Hongjie Wang , Bhishma Dedhia , Niraj K. Jha

Fine-tuning BERT-based models is resource-intensive in memory, computation, and time. While many prior works aim to improve inference efficiency via compression techniques, e.g., pruning, these works do not explicitly address the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-04 Danilo Vucetic , Mohammadreza Tayaranian , Maryam Ziaeefard , James J. Clark , Brett H. Meyer , Warren J. Gross

Neural information retrieval systems excel in high-resource languages but remain underexplored for morphologically rich, lower-resource languages such as Turkish. Dense bi-encoders currently dominate Turkish IR, yet late-interaction models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Özay Ezerceli , Mahmoud El Hussieni , Selva Taş , Reyhan Bayraktar , Fatma Betül Terzioğlu , Yusuf Çelebi , Yağız Asker

The prevalence of Transformer-based pre-trained language models (PLMs) has led to their wide adoption for various natural language processing tasks. However, their excessive overhead leads to large latency and computational costs. The…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Wenxi Tan

Pre-trained language models are increasingly important components across multiple information retrieval (IR) paradigms. Late interaction, introduced with the ColBERT model and recently refined in ColBERTv2, is a popular paradigm that holds…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-05-20 Keshav Santhanam , Omar Khattab , Christopher Potts , Matei Zaharia

How much information do NLP tasks really need from a transformer's attention mechanism at application-time (inference)? From recent work, we know that there is sparsity in transformers and that the floating-points within its computation can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-03 Tianchu Ji , Shraddhan Jain , Michael Ferdman , Peter Milder , H. Andrew Schwartz , Niranjan Balasubramanian

We present an approach to ranking with dense representations that applies knowledge distillation to improve the recently proposed late-interaction ColBERT model. Specifically, we distill the knowledge from ColBERT's expressive MaxSim…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-10-23 Sheng-Chieh Lin , Jheng-Hong Yang , Jimmy Lin

In large-scale industrial LLM systems, prompt templates often expand to thousands of tokens as teams iteratively incorporate sections such as task instructions, few-shot examples, and heuristic rules to enhance robustness and coverage. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Zhentao Xu , Fengyi Li , Albert Chen , Xiaofeng Wang

Pre-trained contextual language models such as BERT, GPT, and XLnet work quite well for document retrieval tasks. Such models are fine-tuned based on the query-document/query-passage level relevance labels to capture the ranking signals.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Koustav Rudra , Zeon Trevor Fernando , Avishek Anand

The late interaction paradigm introduced with ColBERT stands out in the neural Information Retrieval space, offering a compelling effectiveness-efficiency trade-off across many benchmarks. Efficient late interaction retrieval is based on an…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Thibault Formal , Stéphane Clinchant , Hervé Déjean , Carlos Lassance

Recent multimodal large language models are computationally expensive because Transformers must process a large number of visual tokens. We present ReDiPrune, a training-free token pruning method applied before the vision-language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-01 An Yu , Ting Yu Tsai , Zhenfei Zhang , Weiheng Lu , Felix X. -F. Ye , Ming-Ching Chang

Vision-language models (VLMs) have achieved impressive performance on multimodal reasoning tasks such as visual question answering, image captioning and so on, but their inference cost remains a significant challenge due to the large number…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Weichen Zhang , Zhui Zhu , Ningbo Li , Shilong Tao , Kebin Liu , Yunhao Liu