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We study the implicit bias of batch normalization trained by gradient descent. We show that when learning a linear model with batch normalization for binary classification, gradient descent converges to a uniform margin classifier on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-12 Yuan Cao , Difan Zou , Yuanzhi Li , Quanquan Gu

Gradient Descent (GD) has been proven effective in solving various matrix factorization problems. However, its optimization behavior with large initial values remains less understood. To address this gap, this paper presents a novel…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-06-04 Hengchao Chen , Xin Chen , Mohamad Elmasri , Qiang Sun

Many modern learning tasks involve fitting nonlinear models to data which are trained in an overparameterized regime where the parameters of the model exceed the size of the training dataset. Due to this overparameterization, the training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-27 Samet Oymak , Mahdi Soltanolkotabi

The optimization algorithms are crucial in training physics-informed neural networks (PINNs), as unsuitable methods may lead to poor solutions. Compared to the common gradient descent (GD) algorithm, implicit gradient descent (IGD)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Xianliang Xu , Ting Du , Wang Kong , Bin Shan , Ye Li , Zhongyi Huang

Even for the gradient descent (GD) method applied to neural network training, understanding its optimization dynamics, including convergence rate, iterate trajectories, function value oscillations, and especially its implicit acceleration,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Alexander Tyurin

The performance of gradient-based optimization methods, such as standard gradient descent (GD), greatly depends on the choice of learning rate. However, it can require a non-trivial amount of user tuning effort to select an appropriate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Nikola Surjanovic , Alexandre Bouchard-Côté , Trevor Campbell

We study the convergence properties of gradient descent for training deep linear neural networks, i.e., deep matrix factorizations, by extending a previous analysis for the related gradient flow. We show that under suitable conditions on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-25 Gabin Maxime Nguegnang , Holger Rauhut , Ulrich Terstiege

Gradient Descent (GD) and Conjugate Gradient (CG) methods are among the most effective iterative algorithms for solving unconstrained optimization problems, particularly in machine learning and statistical modeling, where they are employed…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-12-19 Xianqi Jiao , Jia Liu , Zhiping Chen

Gradient descent, when applied to the task of logistic regression, outputs iterates which are biased to follow a unique ray defined by the data. The direction of this ray is the maximum margin predictor of a maximal linearly separable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-11 Ziwei Ji , Matus Telgarsky

We study gradient descent (GD) dynamics on logistic regression problems with large, constant step sizes. For linearly-separable data, it is known that GD converges to the minimizer with arbitrarily large step sizes, a property which no…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Si Yi Meng , Antonio Orvieto , Daniel Yiming Cao , Christopher De Sa

The momentum acceleration technique is widely adopted in many optimization algorithms. However, there is no theoretical answer on how the momentum affects the generalization performance of the optimization algorithms. This paper studies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-30 Bohan Wang , Qi Meng , Huishuai Zhang , Ruoyu Sun , Wei Chen , Zhi-Ming Ma , Tie-Yan Liu

This work analyzes the solution trajectory of gradient-based algorithms via a novel basis function decomposition. We show that, although solution trajectories of gradient-based algorithms may vary depending on the learning task, they behave…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-05 Jianhao Ma , Lingjun Guo , Salar Fattahi

Multi-label learning studies the problem where an instance is associated with a set of labels. By treating single-label learning problem as one task, the multi-label learning problem can be casted as solving multiple related tasks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-20 Lu Bai , Yew-Soon Ong , Tiantian He , Abhishek Gupta

Decentralized learning offers privacy and communication efficiency when data are naturally distributed among agents communicating over an underlying graph. Motivated by overparameterized learning settings, in which models are trained to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Hossein Taheri , Christos Thrampoulidis

First-order optimization methods tend to inherently favor certain solutions over others when minimizing an underdetermined training objective that has multiple global optima. This phenomenon, known as implicit bias, plays a critical role in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Guanghui Wang , Zihao Hu , Claudio Gentile , Vidya Muthukumar , Jacob Abernethy

Sequential learning of tasks using gradient descent leads to an unremitting decline in the accuracy of tasks for which training data is no longer available, termed catastrophic forgetting. Generative models have been explored as a means to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-30 Amanda Rios , Laurent Itti

Recent theoretical results show that gradient descent on deep neural networks under exponential loss functions locally maximizes classification margin, which is equivalent to minimizing the norm of the weight matrices under margin…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-22 Andrzej Banburski , Fernanda De La Torre , Nishka Pant , Ishana Shastri , Tomaso Poggio

The behavior of the gradient descent (GD) algorithm is analyzed for a deep neural network model with skip-connections. It is proved that in the over-parametrized regime, for a suitable initialization, with high probability GD can find a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-16 Weinan E , Chao Ma , Qingcan Wang , Lei Wu

Gradient descent (GD) on logistic regression has many fascinating properties. When the dataset is linearly separable, it is known that the iterates converge in direction to the maximum-margin separator regardless of how large the step size…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Si Yi Meng , Baptiste Goujaud , Antonio Orvieto , Christopher De Sa

Inspired by the remarkable success of large neural networks, there has been significant interest in understanding the generalization performance of over-parameterized models. Substantial efforts have been invested in characterizing how…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-12 Haoyuan Sun , Khashayar Gatmiry , Kwangjun Ahn , Navid Azizan