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Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems enhance large language models (LLMs) by integrating external knowledge bases, but this advancement introduces significant privacy risks. Existing privacy attacks on RAG systems can trigger data…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Yufei Chen , Yao Wang , Haibin Zhang , Tao Gu

Large language models (LLMs) trained on unfiltered corpora inherently risk retaining sensitive information, necessitating selective knowledge unlearning for regulatory compliance and ethical safety. However, existing parameter-modifying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Zhaokun Wang , Jinyu Guo , Jingwen Pu , Hongli Pu , Meng Yang , Xunlei Chen , Jie Ou , Wenyi Li , Guangchun Luo , Wenhong Tian

Understanding an agent's goals from its behavior is fundamental to aligning AI systems with human intentions. Existing goal recognition methods typically rely on an optimal goal-oriented policy representation, which may differ from the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Osher Elhadad , Felipe Meneguzzi , Reuth Mirsky

As generative models become increasingly powerful and pervasive, the ability to unlearn specific data, whether due to privacy concerns, legal requirements, or the correction of harmful content, has become increasingly important. Unlike in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Pinak Mandal , Georg A. Gottwald

Large language models trained on web-scale data can memorize private or sensitive knowledge, raising significant privacy risks. Although some unlearning methods mitigate these risks, they remain vulnerable to "relearning" during subsequent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Nakyeong Yang , Dong-Kyum Kim , Jea Kwon , Minsung Kim , Kyomin Jung , Meeyoung Cha

Machine unlearning is an emerging technology that has come to attract widespread attention. A number of factors, including regulations and laws, privacy, and usability concerns, have resulted in this need to allow a trained model to forget…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Heng Xu , Tianqing Zhu , Lefeng Zhang , Wanlei Zhou , Wei Zhao

With the rapid development of Large Language Models (LLMs), we have witnessed intense competition among the major LLM products like ChatGPT, LLaMa, and Gemini. However, various issues (e.g. privacy leakage and copyright violation) of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Kang Gu , Md Rafi Ur Rashid , Najrin Sultana , Shagufta Mehnaz

Graph incremental learning (GIL), which continuously updates graph models by sequential knowledge acquisition, has garnered significant interest recently. However, existing GIL approaches focus on task-incremental and class-incremental…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Zihao Guo , Qingyun Sun , Ziwei Zhang , Haonan Yuan , Huiping Zhuang , Xingcheng Fu , Jianxin Li

Today, computer systems hold large amounts of personal data. Yet while such an abundance of data allows breakthroughs in artificial intelligence, and especially machine learning (ML), its existence can be a threat to user privacy, and it…

Integrating large language models (LLMs) with knowledge graphs derived from domain-specific data represents an important advancement towards more powerful and factual reasoning. As these models grow more capable, it is crucial to enable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Stefan Dernbach , Khushbu Agarwal , Alejandro Zuniga , Michael Henry , Sutanay Choudhury

Unlearning seeks to remove specific knowledge from large language models (LLMs), but its effectiveness remains contested. On one side, "forgotten" knowledge can often be recovered through interventions such as light fine-tuning; on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Qingjie Zhang , Haoting Qian , Zhicong Huang , Cheng Hong , Minlie Huang , Ke Xu , Chao Zhang , Han Qiu

Recently, serious concerns have been raised about the privacy issues related to training datasets in machine learning algorithms when including personal data. Various regulations in different countries, including the GDPR grant individuals…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Hyunjune Kim , Sangyong Lee , Simon S. Woo

Large language models trained on web-scale corpora can memorize undesirable data containing misinformation, copyrighted material, or private or sensitive information. Recently, several machine unlearning algorithms have been proposed to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Keivan Rezaei , Khyathi Chandu , Soheil Feizi , Yejin Choi , Faeze Brahman , Abhilasha Ravichander

Mitigating sensitive and harmful outputs is fundamental to ensuring safe deployment of LLMs. Existing approaches typically follow two paradigms: Knowledge Deletion (KD), which erases undesirable information during training, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Puning Yang , Junchi Yu , Qizhou Wang , Philip Torr , Bo Han , Xiuying Chen

Graph unlearning, which deletes graph elements such as nodes and edges from trained graph neural networks (GNNs), is crucial for real-world applications where graph data may contain outdated, inaccurate, or privacy-sensitive information.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Pengfei Ding , Yan Wang , Guanfeng Liu , Jiajie Zhu

Dynamic graph neural networks (DGNNs) have emerged and been widely deployed in various web applications (e.g., Reddit) to serve users (e.g., personalized content delivery) due to their remarkable ability to learn from complex and dynamic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-04 He Zhang , Bang Wu , Xiangwen Yang , Xingliang Yuan , Xiaoning Liu , Xun Yi

Users may inadvertently upload personally identifiable information (PII) to Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS) providers. When users no longer want their PII on these services, regulations like GDPR and COPPA mandate a right to forget…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Chenhan Zhang , Benjamin Zi Hao Zhao , Hassan Asghar , Dali Kaafar

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable proficiency in generating text, benefiting from extensive training on vast textual corpora. However, LLMs may also acquire unwanted behaviors from the diverse and sensitive nature of their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Zhiwei Zhang , Fali Wang , Xiaomin Li , Zongyu Wu , Xianfeng Tang , Hui Liu , Qi He , Wenpeng Yin , Suhang Wang

As large language models (LLMs) are applied across diverse domains, the ability to selectively unlearn specific information is becoming increasingly essential. For instance, LLMs are expected to selectively provide confidential information…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Shota Takashiro , Takeshi Kojima , Andrew Gambardella , Qi Cao , Yusuke Iwasawa , Yutaka Matsuo

Machine unlearning (MU) for large language models has become critical for AI safety, yet existing methods fail to generalize to Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures. We identify that traditional unlearning methods exploit MoE's…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Andy Zhu , Rongzhe Wei , Yupu Gu , Pan Li