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The advancement of deep learning has greatly improved supervised image classification. However, labeling data is costly, prompting research into unsupervised learning methods such as contrastive learning. In real-world scenarios, fully…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Shogo Nakayama , Masahiro Okuda

Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL) has advanced classification tasks by inputting both labeled and unlabeled data to train a model jointly. However, existing SSL methods only consider the unlabeled data whose predictions are beyond a fixed…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Zechen Liang , Yuan-Gen Wang , Wei Lu , Xiaochun Cao

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) uses unlabeled data to improve the performance of machine learning models when labeled data is scarce. However, its real-world applications often face the label distribution mismatch problem, in which the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Jinsoo Bae , Seoung Bum Kim , Hyungrok Do

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) seeks to enhance task performance by training on both labeled and unlabeled data. Mainstream SSL image classification methods mostly optimize a loss that additively combines a supervised classification…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Zhe Huang , Xiaowei Yu , Dajiang Zhu , Michael C. Hughes

Deep learning is pushing the state-of-the-art in many computer vision applications. However, it relies on large annotated data repositories, and capturing the unconstrained nature of the real-world data is yet to be solved. Semi-supervised…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-29 Mamshad Nayeem Rizve , Navid Kardan , Mubarak Shah

Existing semi-supervised learning algorithms adopt pseudo-labeling and consistency regulation techniques to introduce supervision signals for unlabeled samples. To overcome the inherent limitation of threshold-based pseudo-labeling, prior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Zhiyu Wu , Jinshi Cui

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) has proven to be effective at leveraging large-scale unlabeled data to mitigate the dependency on labeled data in order to learn better models for visual recognition and classification tasks. However, recent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-20 Hasib Zunair , Yan Gobeil , Samuel Mercier , A. Ben Hamza

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) constructs classifiers using both labelled and unlabelled data. It leverages information from labelled samples, whose acquisition is often costly or labour-intensive, together with unlabelled data to enhance…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-29 Jinran Wu , You-Gan Wang , Geoffrey J. McLachlan

In this study, a novel idea, Uncertainty Structure Estimation (USE), a lightweight, algorithm-agnostic procedure that emphasizes the often-overlooked role of unlabeled data quality is introduced for Semi-supervised learning (SSL). SSL has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Tsao-Lun Chen , Chien-Liang Liu , Tzu-Ming Harry Hsu , Tai-Hsien Wu , Chi-Cheng Fu , Han-Yi E. Chou , Shun-Feng Su

With the recent development of Semi-Supervised Object Detection (SS-OD) techniques, object detectors can be improved by using a limited amount of labeled data and abundant unlabeled data. However, there are still two challenges that are not…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Yen-Cheng Liu , Chih-Yao Ma , Zsolt Kira

Reliable pseudo-labels from unlabeled data play a key role in semi-supervised object detection (SSOD). However, the state-of-the-art SSOD methods all rely on pseudo-labels with high confidence, which ignore valuable pseudo-labels with lower…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-29 Guandu Liu , Fangyuan Zhang , Tianxiang Pan , Bin Wang

We present a methodology for using unlabeled data to design semi-supervised learning (SSL) methods that improve the predictive performance of supervised learning for regression tasks. The main idea is to design different mechanisms for…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-11-18 Oren Yuval , Saharon Rosset

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) has attracted much attention since it reduces the expensive costs of collecting adequate well-labeled training data, especially for deep learning methods. However, traditional SSL is built upon an assumption…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Lie Ju , Yicheng Wu , Wei Feng , Zhen Yu , Lin Wang , Zhuoting Zhu , Zongyuan Ge

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) methods assume that labeled data, unlabeled data and test data are from the same distribution. Open-set semi-supervised learning (Open-set SSL) considers a more practical scenario, where unlabeled data and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Yang Yu , Danruo Deng , Furui Liu , Yueming Jin , Qi Dou , Guangyong Chen , Pheng-Ann Heng

Semi-supervised learning holds great promise for many real-world applications, due to its ability to leverage both unlabeled and expensive labeled data. However, most semi-supervised learning algorithms still heavily rely on the limited…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Huiling Qin , Xianyuan Zhan , Yuanxun Li , Yu Zheng

Current 3D semi-supervised segmentation methods face significant challenges such as limited consideration of contextual information and the inability to generate reliable pseudo-labels for effective unsupervised data use. To address these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-22 Sanaz Karimijafarbigloo , Reza Azad , Yury Velichko , Ulas Bagci , Dorit Merhof

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) leverages limited labeled and abundant unlabeled data but often faces challenges with data imbalance, especially in 3D contexts. This study investigates class-level confidence as an indicator of learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Zhimin Chen , Bing Li

Existing semi-supervised learning (SSL) algorithms use a single weight to balance the loss of labeled and unlabeled examples, i.e., all unlabeled examples are equally weighted. But not all unlabeled data are equal. In this paper we study…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-30 Zhongzheng Ren , Raymond A. Yeh , Alexander G. Schwing

Medical image classification is a challenging task due to the scarcity of labeled samples and class imbalance caused by the high variance in disease prevalence. Semi-supervised learning (SSL) methods can mitigate these challenges by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Md Junaid Mahmood , Pranaw Raj , Divyansh Agarwal , Suruchi Kumari , Pravendra Singh

Unsupervised out-of-distribution (OOD) Detection aims to separate the samples falling outside the distribution of training data without label information. Among numerous branches, contrastive learning has shown its excellent capability of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-07 Menglong Chen , Xingtai Gui , Shicai Fan