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The widespread use of artificial intelligence (AI) systems across various domains is increasingly surfacing issues related to algorithmic fairness, especially in high-stakes scenarios. Thus, critical considerations of how fairness in AI…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Luca Deck , Astrid Schomäcker , Timo Speith , Jakob Schöffer , Lena Kästner , Niklas Kühl

Recent legislative regulations have underlined the need for accountable and transparent artificial intelligence systems and have contributed to a growing interest in the Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) field. Nonetheless, the lack…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Ilaria Vascotto , Alex Rodriguez , Alessandro Bonaita , Luca Bortolussi

The currently dominating artificial intelligence and machine learning technology, neural networks, builds on inductive statistical learning. Neural networks of today are information processing systems void of understanding and reasoning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-08-26 Lars Holmberg

Interest in the field of Explainable Artificial Intelligence has been growing for decades and has accelerated recently. As Artificial Intelligence models have become more complex, and often more opaque, with the incorporation of complex…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-03-18 Shruthi Chari , Daniel M. Gruen , Oshani Seneviratne , Deborah L. McGuinness

Companies' adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly becoming an essential element of business success. However, using AI poses new requirements for companies and their employees, including transparency and comprehensibility…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Katharina Weitz , Chi Tai Dang , Elisabeth André

Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) is motivated by the problem of making AI predictions understandable, transparent, and responsible, as AI becomes increasingly impactful in society and high-stakes domains. The evaluation and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Weina Jin , Xiaoxiao Li , Ghassan Hamarneh

Many ethical frameworks require artificial intelligence (AI) systems to be explainable. Explainable AI (XAI) models are frequently tested for their adequacy in user studies. Since different people may have different explanatory needs, it is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Uwe Peters , Mary Carman

For synergistic interactions between humans and artificial intelligence (AI) systems, AI outputs often need to be explainable to people. Explainable AI (XAI) systems are commonly tested in human user studies. However, whether XAI…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Uwe Peters , Mary Carman

Advances in machine learning have created new opportunities to develop artificial intelligence (AI)-based clinical decision support systems using past clinical data and improve diagnosis decisions in life-threatening illnesses such breast…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Olya Rezaeian , Onur Asan , Alparslan Emrah Bayrak

Artificial intelligence (AI) based learning assistants and chatbots are increasingly integrated into higher education. While these tools are often evaluated in terms of technical performance, their successful and ethical use also depends on…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Ezgi Dağtekin , Ercan Erkalkan

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has re-emerged in response to the development of modern AI and ML systems. These systems are complex and sometimes biased, but they nevertheless make decisions that impact our lives. XAI systems are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-02-10 Shane T. Mueller , Elizabeth S. Veinott , Robert R. Hoffman , Gary Klein , Lamia Alam , Tauseef Mamun , William J. Clancey

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly expanding and integrating more into daily life to automate tasks, guide decision making, and enhance efficiency. However, complex AI models, which make decisions without providing clear explanations…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Lakshit Arora , Sanjay Surendranath Girija , Shashank Kapoor , Aman Raj , Dipen Pradhan , Ankit Shetgaonkar

As AI models become ever more complex and intertwined in humans' daily lives, greater levels of interactivity of explainable AI (XAI) methods are needed. In this paper, we propose the use of belief change theory as a formal foundation for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Antonio Rago , Maria Vanina Martinez

Algorithmic processes are increasingly employed to perform managerial decision making, especially after the tremendous success in Artificial Intelligence (AI). This paradigm shift is occurring because these sophisticated AI techniques are…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-09-30 Jianlong Zhou , Sunny Verma , Mudit Mittal , Fang Chen

In the past few decades, artificial intelligence (AI) technology has experienced swift developments, changing everyone's daily life and profoundly altering the course of human society. The intention of developing AI is to benefit humans, by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-08-20 Haochen Liu , Yiqi Wang , Wenqi Fan , Xiaorui Liu , Yaxin Li , Shaili Jain , Yunhao Liu , Anil K. Jain , Jiliang Tang

The integration of Artificial Intelligence in the development of computer systems presents a new challenge: make intelligent systems explainable to humans. This is especially vital in the field of health and well-being, where transparency…

The growing attention to artificial intelligence-based applications has led to research interest in explainability issues. This emerging research attention on explainable AI (XAI) advocates the need to investigate end user-centric…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-07 AKM Bahalul Haque , A. K. M. Najmul Islam , Patrick Mikalef

Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology epitomizes the complex challenges posed by human-made artifacts, particularly those widely integrated into society and exerting significant influence, highlighting potential benefits and their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Michael Papademas , Xenia Ziouvelou , Antonis Troumpoukis , Vangelis Karkaletsis

Trust has emerged as a key factor in people's interactions with AI-infused systems. Yet, little is known about what models of trust have been used and for what systems: robots, virtual characters, smart vehicles, decision aids, or others.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Takane Ueno , Yuto Sawa , Yeongdae Kim , Jacqueline Urakami , Hiroki Oura , Katie Seaborn

The ubiquity of systems using artificial intelligence or "AI" has brought increasing attention to how those systems should be regulated. The choice of how to regulate AI systems will require care. AI systems have the potential to synthesize…