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Investigating value alignment in Large Language Models (LLMs) based on cultural context has become a critical area of research. However, similar biases have not been extensively explored in large vision-language models (VLMs). As the scale…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Srishti Yadav , Zhi Zhang , Daniel Hershcovich , Ekaterina Shutova

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) often struggle to ground reasoning in perceptual evidence. We present a systematic study of perception strategies-explicit, implicit, visual, and textual-across four multimodal benchmarks and two…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Yizhuo Ding , Mingkang Chen , Zhibang Feng , Tong Xiao , Wanying Qu , Wenqi Shao , Yanwei Fu

As a prominent direction of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI), Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have garnered increased attention from both industry and academia. Building upon pre-trained LLMs, this family of models further…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Chaoyou Fu , Yi-Fan Zhang , Shukang Yin , Bo Li , Xinyu Fang , Sirui Zhao , Haodong Duan , Xing Sun , Ziwei Liu , Liang Wang , Caifeng Shan , Ran He

In this article, we investigate vision-language models (VLM) as reasoners. The ability to form abstractions underlies mathematical reasoning, problem-solving, and other Math AI tasks. Several formalisms have been given to these underlying…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Denisa Roberts , Lucas Roberts

Eye-tracking data reveals valuable insights into users' cognitive states but is difficult to analyze due to its structured, non-linguistic nature. While large language models (LLMs) excel at reasoning over text, they struggle with temporal…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Dongyang Guo , Yasmeen Abdrabou , Enkeleda Thaqi , Enkelejda Kasneci

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have endowed LLMs with the ability to perceive and understand multi-modal signals. However, most of the existing MLLMs mainly adopt vision encoders pretrained on coarsely aligned image-text pairs,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Gongwei Chen , Leyang Shen , Rui Shao , Xiang Deng , Liqiang Nie

This study explores the capabilities of multimodal large language models (LLMs) in handling challenging multistep tasks that integrate language and vision, focusing on model steerability, composability, and the application of long-term…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-20 David Noever , Samantha Elizabeth Miller Noever

Current large vision-language models (LVLMs) typically employ a connector module to link visual features with text embeddings of large language models (LLMs) and use end-to-end training to achieve multi-modal understanding in a unified…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Zixian Guo , Ming Liu , Qilong Wang , Zhilong Ji , Jinfeng Bai , Lei Zhang , Wangmeng Zuo

Human cognition is constrained by processing limitations, leading to cognitive overload and inefficiencies in knowledge synthesis and decision-making. Large Language Models (LLMs) present an opportunity for cognitive augmentation, but their…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Xiangrong , Zhu , Yuan Xu , Tianjian Liu , Jingwei Sun , Yu Zhang , Xin Tong

Humans possess spatial reasoning abilities that enable them to understand spaces through multimodal observations, such as vision and sound. Large multimodal reasoning models extend these abilities by learning to perceive and reason, showing…

Language models have recently advanced into the realm of reasoning, yet it is through multimodal reasoning that we can fully unlock the potential to achieve more comprehensive, human-like cognitive capabilities. This survey provides a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Zhiyu Lin , Yifei Gao , Xian Zhao , Yunfan Yang , Jitao Sang

Large vision-language models (LVLMs) have witnessed significant progress on visual understanding tasks. However, they often prioritize language knowledge over image information on visual reasoning tasks, incurring performance degradation.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Jingqi Zhou , Sheng Wang , Jingwei Dong , Kai Liu , Lei Li , Jiahui Gao , Jiyue Jiang , Lingpeng Kong , Chuan Wu

The dual thinking framework considers fast, intuitive, and slower logical processing. The perception of dual thinking in vision requires images where inferences from intuitive and logical processing differ, and the latter is under-explored…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Kailas Dayanandan , Nikhil Kumar , Anand Sinha , Brejesh Lall

While Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have made significant progress, they remain largely text-centric, relying on language as their core reasoning modality. As a result, they are limited in their ability to handle reasoning tasks that are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Kelvin Li , Chuyi Shang , Leonid Karlinsky , Rogerio Feris , Trevor Darrell , Roei Herzig

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are reshaping how modern agentic systems reason over sequential user-behavior data. However, whether textual or image representations of user behavior data are more effective for maximizing MLLM…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Tianning Dong , Luyi Ma , Varun Vasudevan , Jason Cho , Sushant Kumar , Kannan Achan

In response to the demand for Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI), we investigate the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) to transform ML explanations into natural, human-readable narratives. Rather than directly explaining ML models…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-13 Alexandra Zytek , Sara Pidò , Kalyan Veeramachaneni

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have demonstrated promising results in a variety of tasks that combine vision and language. As these models become more integral to research and applications, conducting comprehensive evaluations of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Fuwen Luo , Chi Chen , Zihao Wan , Zhaolu Kang , Qidong Yan , Yingjie Li , Xiaolong Wang , Siyu Wang , Ziyue Wang , Xiaoyue Mi , Peng Li , Ning Ma , Maosong Sun , Yang Liu

While multimodal large language models (MLLMs) are increasingly applied in human-centred AI systems, their ability to understand complex social interactions remains uncertain. We present an exploratory study on aligning MLLMs with…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Weiyan Shi , Kenny Tsu Wei Choo

The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) has significantly reshaped the trajectory of the AI revolution. Nevertheless, these LLMs exhibit a notable limitation, as they are primarily adept at processing textual information. To address this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Akash Ghosh , Arkadeep Acharya , Sriparna Saha , Vinija Jain , Aman Chadha

Human reasoning can be understood as a cooperation between the intuitive, associative "System-1" and the deliberative, logical "System-2". For existing System-1-like methods in visual activity understanding, it is crucial to integrate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Xiaoqian Wu , Yong-Lu Li , Jianhua Sun , Cewu Lu