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Large language models (LLMs) achieve remarkable performance but demand substantial computational resources, limiting deployment on edge devices and resource-constrained environments. We present TernaryLM, a 132M-parameter transformer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Nisharg Nargund , Priyesh Shukla

The paradigm shift in large language models (LLMs) from instinctive responses to chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning has fueled two prevailing assumptions: (1) reasoning capabilities only emerge in sufficiently large models, and (2) such…

Addressing the gap in Large Language Model pretrained from scratch with Malaysian context, We trained models with 1.1 billion, 3 billion, and 5 billion parameters on a substantial 349GB dataset, equivalent to 90 billion tokens based on our…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Husein Zolkepli , Aisyah Razak , Kamarul Adha , Ariff Nazhan

Large Language Models (LLMs) represent a revolution in AI. However, they also pose many significant risks, such as the presence of biased, private, copyrighted or harmful text. For this reason we need open, transparent and safe solutions.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Arno Candel , Jon McKinney , Philipp Singer , Pascal Pfeiffer , Maximilian Jeblick , Chun Ming Lee , Marcos V. Conde

This paper proposes a highly compact, lightweight text-to-speech (TTS) model for on-device applications. To reduce the model size, the proposed model introduces two techniques. First, we introduce quantization-aware training (QAT), which…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-05 Masaya Kawamura , Takuya Hasumi , Yuma Shirahata , Ryuichi Yamamoto

The rapid growth of biomedical literature poses challenges for manual knowledge curation and synthesis. Biomedical Natural Language Processing (BioNLP) automates the process. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise in general…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are likely to play a key role in Intent-Based Networking (IBN) as they show remarkable performance in interpreting human language as well as code generation, enabling the translation of high-level intents…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Lam Dinh , Sihem Cherrared , Xiaofeng Huang , Fabrice Guillemin

Purely character-based language models (LMs) have been lagging in quality on large scale datasets, and current state-of-the-art LMs rely on word tokenization. It has been assumed that injecting the prior knowledge of a tokenizer into the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-28 Dokook Choe , Rami Al-Rfou , Mandy Guo , Heeyoung Lee , Noah Constant

Current token-sequence-based Large Language Models (LLMs) are not well-suited for directly processing 3D Boundary Representation (Brep) models that contain complex geometric and topological information. We propose BrepLLM, the first…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Liyuan Deng , Hao Guo , Yunpeng Bai , Yongkang Dai , Huaxi Huang , Yilei Shi

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing (NLP), yet open-source multilingual LLMs remain scarce, with existing models often limited in language coverage. Such models typically prioritize well-resourced…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Yiran Zhao , Chaoqun Liu , Yue Deng , Jiahao Ying , Mahani Aljunied , Zhaodonghui Li , Lidong Bing , Hou Pong Chan , Yu Rong , Deli Zhao , Wenxuan Zhang

To drive progress in science and engineering, large language models (LLMs) must be able to process large amounts of numerical data and solve long calculations efficiently. This is currently only possible through the use of external tools or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Linus Kreitner , Paul Hager , Jonathan Mengedoht , Georgios Kaissis , Daniel Rueckert , Martin J. Menten

In recent years, researchers tend to pre-train ever-larger language models to explore the upper limit of deep models. However, large language model pre-training costs intensive computational resources and most of the models are trained from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-15 Cheng Chen , Yichun Yin , Lifeng Shang , Xin Jiang , Yujia Qin , Fengyu Wang , Zhi Wang , Xiao Chen , Zhiyuan Liu , Qun Liu

As Large Language Models (LLMs) continue to grow in size, storing and transmitting them on edge devices becomes increasingly challenging. Traditional methods like quantization and pruning struggle to achieve extreme compression of LLMs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Ye Tian , Chengcheng Wang , Jing Han , Yehui Tang , Kai Han

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing tasks. However, their practical deployment is hindered by their immense memory and computation requirements. Although recent post-training quantization (PTQ)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Wenqi Shao , Mengzhao Chen , Zhaoyang Zhang , Peng Xu , Lirui Zhao , Zhiqian Li , Kaipeng Zhang , Peng Gao , Yu Qiao , Ping Luo

In recent years, multimodal large language models (MLLMs) such as GPT-4V have demonstrated remarkable advancements, excelling in a variety of vision-language tasks. Despite their prowess, the closed-source nature and computational demands…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Zhengqing Yuan , Zhaoxu Li , Weiran Huang , Yanfang Ye , Lichao Sun

Mathematical reasoning is a cornerstone of artificial general intelligence and a primary benchmark for evaluating the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). While state-of-the-art models show promise, they often falter when faced…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Yifan Hao , Fangning Chao , Yaqian Hao , Zhaojun Cui , Huan Bai , Haiyu Zhang , Yankai Liu , Chao Deng , Junlan Feng

In recent years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional proficiency across a broad spectrum of Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks, including Machine Translation. However, previous methods predominantly relied on…

We introduce ChatGLM, an evolving family of large language models that we have been developing over time. This report primarily focuses on the GLM-4 language series, which includes GLM-4, GLM-4-Air, and GLM-4-9B. They represent our most…

Language is essentially a complex, intricate system of human expressions governed by grammatical rules. It poses a significant challenge to develop capable AI algorithms for comprehending and grasping a language. As a major approach,…

The extremely high computational and storage demands of large language models have excluded most edge devices, which were widely used for efficient machine learning, from being viable options. A typical edge device usually only has 4GB of…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Jindong Li , Tenglong Li , Guobin Shen , Dongcheng Zhao , Qian Zhang , Yi Zeng