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Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINN) has evolved into a powerful tool for solving partial differential equations, which has been applied to various fields such as energy, environment, en-gineering, etc. When utilizing PINN to solve…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2024-11-27 Zijie Su , Yunpu Liu , Sheng Pan , Zheng Li , Changyu Shen

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have shown promise for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) by directly embedding them into the loss function. Despite their notable success, existing PINNs often exhibit training…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Chang Wei , Yuchen Fan , Chin Chun Ooi , Jian Cheng Wong , Heyang Wang , Pao-Hsiung Chiu

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) provide a promising machine learning framework for solving partial differential equations, but their training often breaks down on challenging problems, sometimes converging to physically incorrect…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Sifan Wang , Shawn Koohy , Yiping Lu , Paris Perdikaris

Mathematical models in neural networks are powerful tools for solving complex differential equations and optimizing their parameters; that is, solving the forward and inverse problems, respectively. A forward problem predicts the output of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Aarush Gupta , Kendric Hsu , Syna Mathod

In recent years, Scientific Machine Learning (SciML) methods for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) have gained increasing popularity. Within such a paradigm, Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) are novel deep learning…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-04-25 Pasquale Ambrosio , Salvatore Cuomo , Mariapia De Rosa

Time-fractional differential equations offer a robust framework for capturing intricate phenomena characterized by memory effects, particularly in fields like biotransport and rheology. However, solving inverse problems involving fractional…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Sukirt Thakur , Harsa Mitra , Arezoo M. Ardekani

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have shown remarkable prospects in solving forward and inverse problems involving partial differential equations (PDEs). However, PINNs still face the challenge of high computational cost in solving…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-01-22 Jiahao Song , Wenbo Cao , Weiwei Zhang

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINN) are neural networks encoding the problem governing equations, such as Partial Differential Equations (PDE), as a part of the neural network. PINNs have emerged as a new essential tool to solve various…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-07-07 Stefano Markidis

In various engineering and applied science applications, repetitive numerical simulations of partial differential equations (PDEs) for varying input parameters are often required (e.g., aircraft shape optimization over many design…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Woojin Cho , Kookjin Lee , Donsub Rim , Noseong Park

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have received increased interest for forward, inverse, and surrogate modeling of problems described by partial differential equations (PDE). However, their application to multiphysics problem,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-09 Danial Amini , Ehsan Haghighat , Ruben Juanes

Solving time-dependent partial differential equations (PDEs) that exhibit sharp gradients or local singularities is computationally demanding, as traditional physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) often suffer from inefficient point…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-01-27 Beining Xu , Haijun Yu , Jiayu Zhai , Kejun Tang , Xiaoliang Wan

Partial differential equations (PDEs) on surfaces are fundamental to scientific computing and geometry processing. A popular approach to solving PDEs on surfaces is the finite element method (FEM), where the surface is divided into discrete…

Graphics · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Pranav Jain , Navami Kairanda , Peter Yichen Chen , Oded Stein

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have emerged as a powerful tool for integrating physics-based constraints and data to address forward and inverse problems in machine learning. Despite their potential, the implementation of PINNs…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-12-19 Alan Williams , Christopher Leon , Alexander Scheinker

Soft- and hard-constrained Physics Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have achieved great success in solving partial differential equations (PDEs). However, these methods still face great challenges when solving the Navier-Stokes equations…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2024-11-14 Chuyu Zhou , Tianyu Li , Chenxi Lan , Rongyu Du , Guoguo Xin , Pengyu Nan , Hangzhou Yang , Guoqing Wang , Xun Liu , Wei Li

Parallel physical information neural networks (P-PINNs) have been widely used to solve systems with multiple coupled physical fields, such as the coupled Stokes-Darcy equations with Beavers-Joseph-Saffman (BJS) interface conditions.…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-10-21 Li Shan , Xi Shen

This paper explores the difficulties in solving partial differential equations (PDEs) using physics-informed neural networks (PINNs). PINNs use physics as a regularization term in the objective function. However, a drawback of this approach…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Shamsulhaq Basir

This study focuses on the solution of partial differential equations (PDEs) by using physics-informed neural networks (PINNs). The Newell-Whitehead-Segel (NWS) equation and the Allen-Cahn equation belong to fundamental PDEs used mostly in…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-11-20 Ali Haider Shah , Naveed R. Butt , Asif Ahmad , Muhammad Omer Bin Saeed

A physics informed neural network (PINN) incorporates the physics of a system by satisfying its boundary value problem through a neural network's loss function. The PINN approach has shown great success in approximating the map between the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-03-17 Revanth Mattey , Susanta Ghosh

In recent years, Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have emerged as a powerful and robust framework for solving nonlinear differential equations across a wide range of scientific and engineering disciplines, including biology,…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-11-19 Ritik Pal , Soubhik Mukherjee , Urmi Dutta , Arghya Choudhury

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have recently emerged as a prominent paradigm for solving partial differential equations (PDEs), yet their training strategies remain underexplored. While hard prioritization methods inspired by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Zhaoqian Gao , Min Yanga