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Transformer-based architectures have become the prevailing backbone of large language models. However, the quadratic time and memory complexity of self-attention remains a fundamental obstacle to efficient long-context modeling. To address…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Yutao Sun , Zhenyu Li , Yike Zhang , Tengyu Pan , Bowen Dong , Yuyi Guo , Jianyong Wang

The Transformer translation model is based on the multi-head attention mechanism, which can be parallelized easily. The multi-head attention network performs the scaled dot-product attention function in parallel, empowering the model by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-13 Hongfei Xu , Qiuhui Liu , Josef van Genabith , Deyi Xiong

Traditional point-based image editing methods rely on iterative latent optimization or geometric transformations, which are either inefficient in their processing or fail to capture the semantic relationships within the image. These methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Biao Yang , Muqi Huang , Yuhui Zhang , Yun Xiong , Kun Zhou , Xi Chen , Shiyang Zhou , Huishuai Bao , Chuan Li , Feng Shi , Hualei Liu

Linear attention mechanisms have emerged as efficient alternatives to full self-attention in Graph Transformers, offering linear time complexity. However, existing linear attention models often suffer from a significant drop in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Zhaolin Hu , Kun Li , Hehe Fan , Yi Yang

The self-attention mechanism is the key to the success of transformers in recent Large Language Models (LLMs). However, the quadratic computational cost $O(n^2)$ in the input sequence length $n$ is a notorious obstacle for further…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Yingyu Liang , Heshan Liu , Zhenmei Shi , Zhao Song , Zhuoyan Xu , Junze Yin

Recently over-smoothing phenomenon of Transformer-based models is observed in both vision and language fields. However, no existing work has delved deeper to further investigate the main cause of this phenomenon. In this work, we make the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-18 Han Shi , Jiahui Gao , Hang Xu , Xiaodan Liang , Zhenguo Li , Lingpeng Kong , Stephen M. S. Lee , James T. Kwok

Pruning is a promising approach to compress deep learning models in order to deploy them on resource-constrained edge devices. However, many existing pruning solutions are based on unstructured pruning, which yields models that cannot…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-16 Kaiqi Zhao , Animesh Jain , Ming Zhao

The structural re-parameterization (SRP) technique is a novel deep learning technique that achieves interconversion between different network architectures through equivalent parameter transformations. This technique enables the mitigation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Shanshan Zhong , Zhongzhan Huang , Wushao Wen , Jinghui Qin , Liang Lin

Transformers have been proven a successful model for a variety of tasks in sequence modeling. However, computing the attention matrix, which is their key component, has quadratic complexity with respect to the sequence length, thus making…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-01 Apoorv Vyas , Angelos Katharopoulos , François Fleuret

The self-attention mechanism, while foundational to modern Transformer architectures, suffers from a critical inefficiency: it frequently allocates substantial attention to redundant or noisy context. Differential Attention addressed this…

Transformers are widely used for their ability to capture data relations in sequence processing, with great success for a wide range of static tasks. However, the computational and memory footprint of their main component, i.e., the Scaled…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Ginés Carreto Picón , Illia Oleksiienko , Lukas Hedegaard , Arian Bakhtiarnia , Alexandros Iosifidis

With the advent of large models based on the Transformer architecture, researchers have observed an anomalous phenomenon in the Attention mechanism--there is a very high attention on the first element, which is prevalent across…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Ruiqing Yan , Xingbo Du , Haoyu Deng , Linghan Zheng , Qiuzhuang Sun , Jifang Hu , Yuhang Shao , Penghao Jiang , Jinrong Jiang , Lian Zhao

Transformers have excelled in many tasks including vision. However, efficient deployment of transformer models in low-latency or high-throughput applications is hindered by the computation in the attention mechanism which involves expensive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-12 John Yang , Le An , Su Inn Park

We formulate an attention mechanism for continuous and ordered sequences that explicitly functions as an alignment model, which serves as the core of many sequence-to-sequence tasks. Standard scaled dot-product attention relies on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Hyungjoon Soh , Junghyo Jo

Multi-head, key-value attention is the backbone of the widely successful Transformer model and its variants. This attention mechanism uses multiple parallel key-value attention blocks (called heads), each performing two fundamental…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-15 Sarthak Mittal , Sharath Chandra Raparthy , Irina Rish , Yoshua Bengio , Guillaume Lajoie

Transformers have emerged as a powerful tool for a broad range of natural language processing tasks. A key component that drives the impressive performance of Transformers is the self-attention mechanism that encodes the influence or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-02 Yunyang Xiong , Zhanpeng Zeng , Rudrasis Chakraborty , Mingxing Tan , Glenn Fung , Yin Li , Vikas Singh

Transformers, renowned for their self-attention mechanism, have achieved state-of-the-art performance across various tasks in natural language processing, computer vision, time-series modeling, etc. However, one of the challenges with deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Jeongwhan Choi , Hyowon Wi , Jayoung Kim , Yehjin Shin , Kookjin Lee , Nathaniel Trask , Noseong Park

Transformer self-attention can be interpreted as a gradient flow on the unit sphere, in which tokens evolve under softmax interaction potentials and tend to form clusters. While prior work has established clustering behavior for single-head…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Ayan Pendharkar

While diffusion models have achieved remarkable progress in style transfer tasks, existing methods typically rely on fine-tuning or optimizing pre-trained models during inference, leading to high computational costs and challenges in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Bo Huang , Wenlun Xu , Qizhuo Han , Haodong Jing , Ying Li

Most models of visual attention aim at predicting either top-down or bottom-up control, as studied using different visual search and free-viewing tasks. In this paper we propose the Human Attention Transformer (HAT), a single model that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Zhibo Yang , Sounak Mondal , Seoyoung Ahn , Ruoyu Xue , Gregory Zelinsky , Minh Hoai , Dimitris Samaras