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We present an end-to-end, model-based deep reinforcement learning agent which dynamically attends to relevant parts of its state during planning. The agent uses a bottleneck mechanism over a set-based representation to force the number of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-05 Mingde Zhao , Zhen Liu , Sitao Luan , Shuyuan Zhang , Doina Precup , Yoshua Bengio

This work views the multi-agent system and its surrounding environment as a co-evolving system, where the behavior of one affects the other. The goal is to take both agent actions and environment configurations as decision variables, and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Zhan Gao , Guang Yang , Amanda Prorok

We use model-free reinforcement learning, extensive simulation, and transfer learning to develop a continuous control algorithm that has good zero-shot performance in a real physical environment. We train a simulated agent to act optimally…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-03-09 M Ferguson , K. H. Law

The increasing adoption of Reinforcement Learning in safety-critical systems domains such as autonomous vehicles, health, and aviation raises the need for ensuring their safety. Existing safety mechanisms such as adversarial training,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-11 Paulina Stevia Nouwou Mindom , Amin Nikanjam , Foutse Khomh , John Mullins

Multimodal LLM-powered agents have recently demonstrated impressive capabilities in web navigation, enabling agents to complete complex browsing tasks across diverse domains. However, current agents struggle with repetitive errors and lack…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Genglin Liu , Shijie Geng , Sha Li , Hejie Cui , Sarah Zhang , Xin Liu , Tianyi Liu

Autonomous agents (robots) face tremendous challenges while interacting with heterogeneous human agents in close proximity. One of these challenges is that the autonomous agent does not have an accurate model tailored to the specific human…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-04-25 Shuangge Wang , Yiwei Lyu , John M. Dolan

The rise of Agent AI and Large Language Model-powered Multi-Agent Systems (LLM-MAS) has underscored the need for responsible and dependable system operation. Tools like LangChain and Retrieval-Augmented Generation have expanded LLM…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Jinwei Hu , Yi Dong , Shuang Ao , Zhuoyun Li , Boxuan Wang , Lokesh Singh , Guangliang Cheng , Sarvapali D. Ramchurn , Xiaowei Huang

Multimodal Retrieval-Augmented Generation (mRAG) has emerged as a promising solution to address the temporal limitations of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) in real-world scenarios like news analysis and trending topics. However,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Yuechen Wang , Yuming Qiao , Dan Meng , Jun Yang , Haonan Lu , Zhenyu Yang , Xudong Zhang

Large language model (LLM)-based search agents have proven promising for addressing knowledge-intensive problems by incorporating information retrieval capabilities. Existing works largely focus on optimizing the reasoning paradigms of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Tongyu Wen , Guanting Dong , Zhicheng Dou

Transcending human cognitive limitations represents a critical frontier in LLM training. Proprietary agentic systems like DeepResearch have demonstrated superhuman capabilities on extremely complex information-seeking benchmarks such as…

Reinforcement learning techniques successfully generate convincing agent behaviors, but it is still difficult to tailor the behavior to align with a user's specific preferences. What is missing is a communication method for the system to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-05-28 Christian Arzate Cruz , Takeo Igarashi

Agentic search has recently emerged as a powerful paradigm, where an agent interleaves multi-step reasoning with on-demand retrieval to solve complex questions. Despite its success, how to design a retriever for agentic search remains…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Wenhan Liu , Xinyu Ma , Yutao Zhu , Yuchen Li , Daiting Shi , Dawei Yin , Zhicheng Dou

Information retrieval (IR) systems have traditionally been designed and trained for human users, with learning-to-rank methods relying heavily on large-scale human interaction logs such as clicks and dwell time. With the rapid emergence of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Yuqi Zhou , Sunhao Dai , Changle Qu , Liang Pang , Jun Xu , Ji-Rong Wen

Effective modeling of how human travelers learn and adjust their travel behavior from interacting with transportation systems is critical for system assessment and planning. However, this task is also difficult due to the complex cognition…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Tianming Liu , Jirong Yang , Yafeng Yin , Manzi Li , Linghao Wang , Zheng Zhu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable reasoning capabilities in mathematical and scientific tasks. To enhance complex reasoning, multi-agent systems have been proposed to harness the collective intelligence of LLM agents.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Zhenyu Bi , Meng Lu , Yang Li , Swastik Roy , Weijie Guan , Morteza Ziyadi , Xuan Wang

Improvements in the area of large language models have shifted towards the construction of models capable of using external tools and interpreting their outputs. These so-called web agents have the ability to interact autonomously with the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Lars Krupp , Daniel Geißler , Paul Lukowicz , Jakob Karolus

While reinforcement learning (RL) has demonstrated remarkable success in enhancing large language models (LLMs), it has primarily focused on single-turn tasks such as solving math problems. Training effective web agents for multi-turn…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Zhepei Wei , Wenlin Yao , Yao Liu , Weizhi Zhang , Qin Lu , Liang Qiu , Changlong Yu , Puyang Xu , Chao Zhang , Bing Yin , Hyokun Yun , Lihong Li

AI-powered web agents have the potential to automate repetitive tasks, such as form filling, information retrieval, and scheduling, but they struggle to reliably execute these tasks without human intervention, requiring users to provide…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Yimeng Liu , Misha Sra , Jeevana Priya Inala , Chenglong Wang

Many people use search engines to find online guidance to solve computer or mobile device problems. Users frequently encounter challenges in identifying effective solutions from search results, often wasting time trying ineffective…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Lei Ding , Jeshwanth Bheemanpally , Yi Zhang

Web agents promise to automate complex browser tasks, but current methods remain brittle -- relying on step-by-step UI interactions and heavy LLM reasoning that break under dynamic layouts and long horizons. Humans, by contrast, exploit…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Viraj Prabhu , Yutong Dai , Matthew Fernandez , Jing Gu , Krithika Ramakrishnan , Yanqi Luo , Silvio Savarese , Caiming Xiong , Junnan Li , Zeyuan Chen , Ran Xu