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Large language model (LLM) agents typically adopt a step-by-step reasoning framework, in which they interleave the processes of thinking and acting to accomplish the given task. However, this paradigm faces a deep-rooted one-pass issue…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Xingzuo Li , Kehai Chen , Yunfei Long , Xuefeng Bai , Yong Xu , Min Zhang

With the rapid development of Large Vision Language Models, the focus of Graphical User Interface (GUI) agent tasks shifts from single-screen tasks to complex screen navigation challenges. However, real-world GUI environments, such as PC…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Haolong Yan , Yeqing Shen , Xin Huang , Jia Wang , Kaijun Tan , Zhixuan Liang , Hongxin Li , Zheng Ge , Osamu Yoshie , Si Li , Xiangyu Zhang , Daxin Jiang

Deep Research systems based on web agents have shown strong potential in solving complex information-seeking tasks, yet their search efficiency remains underexplored. We observe that many state-of-the-art open-source web agents rely on long…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Junjie Wang , Zequn Xie , Dan Yang , Jie Feng , Yue Shen , Duolin Sun , Meixiu Long , Yihan Jiao , Zhehao Tan , Jian Wang , Peng Wei , Jinjie Gu

Web agents powered by Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable abilities in planning and executing multi-step interactions within complex web-based environments, fulfilling a wide range of web navigation tasks. Despite…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Yang Deng , Xuan Zhang , Wenxuan Zhang , Yifei Yuan , See-Kiong Ng , Tat-Seng Chua

Addressing intricate real-world problems necessitates in-depth information seeking and multi-step reasoning. Recent progress in agentic systems, exemplified by Deep Research, underscores the potential for autonomous multi-step research. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Jialong Wu , Baixuan Li , Runnan Fang , Wenbiao Yin , Liwen Zhang , Zhengwei Tao , Dingchu Zhang , Zekun Xi , Gang Fu , Yong Jiang , Pengjun Xie , Fei Huang , Jingren Zhou

The popularity of Large Language Models (LLMs) have unleashed a new age ofLanguage Agents for solving a diverse range of tasks. While contemporary frontier LLMs are capable enough to power reasonably good Language agents, the closed-API…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Priyanshu Gupta , Shashank Kirtania , Ananya Singha , Sumit Gulwani , Arjun Radhakrishna , Sherry Shi , Gustavo Soares

The desire and ability to seek new information strategically are fundamental to human learning but often overlooked in current language agent evaluation. We analyze a popular web shopping task designed to test language agents' ability to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Sanxing Chen , Sam Wiseman , Bhuwan Dhingra

A large part of the interest in model-based reinforcement learning derives from the potential utility to acquire a forward model capable of strategic long term decision making. Assuming that an agent succeeds in learning a useful predictive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-29 Alvaro Ovalle , Simon M. Lucas

We introduce a novel large language model (LLM)-driven agent framework, which iteratively refines queries and filters contextual evidence by leveraging dynamically evolving knowledge. A defining feature of the system is its decoupling of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Seyoung Song

Reinforcement learning (RL) agents improve through trial-and-error, but when reward is sparse and the agent cannot discover successful action sequences, learning stagnates. This has been a notable problem in training deep RL agents to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-02-27 Evan Zheran Liu , Kelvin Guu , Panupong Pasupat , Tianlin Shi , Percy Liang

Intelligent agents such as robots are increasingly deployed in real-world, safety-critical settings. It is vital that these agents are able to explain the reasoning behind their decisions to human counterparts; however, their behavior is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Xijia Zhang , Yue Guo , Simon Stepputtis , Katia Sycara , Joseph Campbell

Recently, there has been a surge of vision-based GUI agents designed to automate everyday mobile and web tasks. These agents interpret raw GUI screenshots and autonomously decide where to click, scroll, or type, which bypasses handcrafted…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Yucheng Shi , Wenhao Yu , Zaitang Li , Yonglin Wang , Hongming Zhang , Ninghao Liu , Haitao Mi , Dong Yu

The current state of modern web interfaces, especially in regards to accessibility focused usage is extremely lacking. Traditional methods for web interaction, such as scripting languages and screen readers, often lack the flexibility to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Trisanth Srinivasan , Santosh Patapati

As web agents rapidly evolve, an increasing body of work has moved beyond conventional atomic browser interactions and explored tool use as a higher-level action paradigm. Although prior studies have shown the promise of tools, their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Renze Lou , Baolin Peng , Wenlin Yao , Qianhui Wu , Hao Cheng , Suman Nath , Wenpeng Yin , Jianfeng Gao

The proliferation of web agents necessitates advanced navigation and interaction strategies within complex web environments. Current models often struggle with efficient navigation and action execution due to limited visibility and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Tenghao Huang , Kinjal Basu , Ibrahim Abdelaziz , Pavan Kapanipathi , Jonathan May , Muhao Chen

Recent months have seen the emergence of a powerful new trend in which large language models (LLMs) are augmented to become autonomous language agents capable of performing objective oriented multi-step tasks on their own, rather than…

When learning to behave in a stochastic environment where safety is critical, such as driving a vehicle in traffic, it is natural for human drivers to plan fallback strategies as a backup to use if ever there is an unexpected change in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Ugo Lecerf , Christelle Yemdji-Tchassi , Sébastien Aubert , Pietro Michiardi

Autonomy via agents using large language models (LLMs) for personalized, standardized tasks boosts human efficiency. Automating web tasks (like booking hotels within a budget) is increasingly sought after. Fulfilling practical needs, the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Ke Yang , Yao Liu , Sapana Chaudhary , Rasool Fakoor , Pratik Chaudhari , George Karypis , Huzefa Rangwala

Efficiently solving real-world problems with LLMs increasingly hinges on their ability to interact with dynamic web environments and autonomously acquire external information. While recent research like Search-R1 and WebDancer demonstrates…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Tao Yu , Zhengbo Zhang , Zhiheng Lyu , Junhao Gong , Hongzhu Yi , Xinming Wang , Yuxuan Zhou , Jiabing Yang , Ping Nie , Yan Huang , Wenhu Chen

The evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs) into autonomous agents necessitates the management of extensive, dynamic contexts. Current benchmarks, however, remain largely static, relying on passive retrieval tasks that fail to simulate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Shicheng Fang , Yuxin Wang , Xiaoran Liu , Jiahao Lu , Chuanyuan Tan , Xinchi Chen , Yining Zheng , Xuanjing Huang , Xipeng Qiu