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Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are well-suited for learning on homophilous graphs, i.e., graphs in which edges tend to connect nodes of the same type. Yet, achievement of consistent GNN performance on heterophilous graphs remains an open…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Andrea Cavallo , Claas Grohnfeldt , Michele Russo , Giulio Lovisotto , Luca Vassio

Graph convolution networks (GCNs) have been enormously successful in learning representations over several graph-based machine learning tasks. Specific to learning rich node representations, most of the methods have solely relied on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-03 Ashish Tiwari , Sresth Tosniwal , Shanmuganathan Raman

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have been highly successful for the node classification task. GNNs typically assume graphs are homophilic, i.e. neighboring nodes are likely to belong to the same class. However, a number of real-world graphs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Yurui Lai , Taiyan Zhang , Rui Fan

Graph representation learning aim at integrating node contents with graph structure to learn nodes/graph representations. Nevertheless, it is found that many existing graph learning methods do not work well on data with high heterophily…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Jincheng Huang , Ping Li , Rui Huang , Chen Na , Acong Zhang

Self-supervised learning has shown its promising capability in graph representation learning in recent work. Most existing pre-training strategies usually choose the popular Graph neural networks (GNNs), which can be seen as a special form…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Yilin Ding , Zhen Liu , Hao Hao

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have demonstrated excellent performance in semi-supervised node classification tasks. Despite this, two primary challenges persist: heterogeneity and heterophily. Each of these two challenges can significantly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Kangkang Lu , Yanhua Yu , Zhiyong Huang , Yunshan Ma , Xiao Wang , Meiyu Liang , Yuling Wang , Yimeng Ren , Tat-Seng Chua

Under circumstances of heterophily, where nodes with different labels tend to be connected based on semantic meanings, Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) often exhibit suboptimal performance. Current studies on graph heterophily mainly focus on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Yilun Zheng , Jiahao Xu , Lihui Chen

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) often assume strong homophily for graph classification, seldom considering heterophily, which means connected nodes tend to have different class labels and dissimilar features. In real-world scenarios, graphs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-10 Jiayi Yang , Sourav Medya , Wei Ye

Heterogeneous graph neural network (HGNN) is a very popular technique for the modeling and analysis of heterogeneous graphs. Most existing HGNN-based approaches are supervised or semi-supervised learning methods requiring graphs to be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Cuiying Huo , Dongxiao He , Yawen Li , Di Jin , Jianwu Dang , Weixiong Zhang , Witold Pedrycz , Lingfei Wu

Graph Neural Network (GNN) research has highlighted a relationship between high homophily (i.e., the tendency of nodes of the same class to connect) and strong predictive performance in node classification. However, recent work has found…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-11-22 Donald Loveland , Jiong Zhu , Mark Heimann , Benjamin Fish , Michael T. Schaub , Danai Koutra

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved great success but are often considered to be challenged by varying levels of homophily in graphs. Recent \textit{empirical} studies have surprisingly shown that homophilic GNNs can perform well…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Ming Gu , Zhuonan Zheng , Sheng Zhou , Meihan Liu , Jiawei Chen , Tanyu Qiao , Liangcheng Li , Jiajun Bu

Homophily principle, \ie{} nodes with the same labels or similar attributes are more likely to be connected, has been commonly believed to be the main reason for the superiority of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) over traditional Neural…

Recent years have witnessed fast developments of graph neural networks (GNNs) that have benefited myriad graph analytic tasks and applications. Most GNNs rely on the homophily assumption that nodes belonging to the same class are more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Xin Zheng , Yi Wang , Yixin Liu , Ming Li , Miao Zhang , Di Jin , Philip S. Yu , Shirui Pan

In recent years, using a self-supervised learning framework to learn the general characteristics of graphs has been considered a promising paradigm for graph representation learning. The core of self-supervised learning strategies for graph…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-09 Jiawei Zhu , Mei Hong , Ronghua Du , Haifeng Li

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) often struggle with heterophilic data, where connected nodes may have dissimilar labels, as they typically assume homophily and rely on local message passing. To address this, we propose creating alternative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Victor M. Tenorio , Madeline Navarro , Samuel Rey , Santiago Segarra , Antonio G. Marques

Heterophily, or the tendency of connected nodes in networks to have different class labels or dissimilar features, has been identified as challenging for many Graph Neural Network (GNN) models. While the challenges of applying GNNs for node…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Jiong Zhu , Gaotang Li , Yao-An Yang , Jing Zhu , Xuehao Cui , Danai Koutra

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have emerged as a promising tool to handle data exhibiting an irregular structure. However, most GNN architectures perform well on homophilic datasets, where the labels of neighboring nodes are likely to be the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Victor M. Tenorio , Madeline Navarro , Samuel Rey , Santiago Segarra , Antonio G. Marques

Real-world graphs are typically complex, exhibiting heterogeneity in the global structure, as well as strong heterophily within local neighborhoods. While a growing body of literature has revealed the limitations of common graph neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Jintang Li , Zheng Wei , Jiawang Dan , Jing Zhou , Yuchang Zhu , Ruofan Wu , Baokun Wang , Zhang Zhen , Changhua Meng , Hong Jin , Zibin Zheng , Liang Chen

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have emerged as a powerful tool for modeling graph-structured data. However, existing GNNs often struggle with heterophilic graphs, where connected nodes tend to have dissimilar features or labels. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Ruizhong Qiu , Ting-Wei Li , Gaotang Li , Hanghang Tong

Heterogeneous graphs with heterophily have emerged as a powerful abstraction for modeling complex real-world systems, where nodes of different types and labels interact in diverse and often non-homophilous ways. Despite recent advances,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Yihan Zhang , Ercan E. Kuruoglu
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